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Al-Ansari, N., Saleh, S., Abdullah, T. & Abed, S. A. (2021). Quality of Surface Water and Groundwater in Iraq. Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 11(2), 161-199
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Quality of Surface Water and Groundwater in Iraq
2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, ISSN 1792-9040, Vol. 11, nr 2, s. 161-199Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Insufficiency of water resources in the Middle East Region represents vital factors that influence the stability of the region and its progress. Expectations indicate that the condition will be dimmer and more complicated, especially in Iraqi territory. Iraq, which is situated in the Middle East, it covers an area of 433,970 square kilometers and populated by about 32 million inhabitants. Iraq greatly relies in its water resources on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers as a surface water resources, and several productive groundwater aquifers in which from the hydrogeological point of view divided into several major aquifer units including Foothill, Al-Jazira, Aquifer System, Mandali-Badra-Teeb, Mesopotamian and Desert Aquifer system. Recently, Iraq is suffering from water shortage problems. This is due to external and internal factors affecting the water quality of water resources; they are controlled and uncontrolled factors. The uncontrolled factors are climate change and its consequences, such as reduction of precipitation and temperature increasing. The controlled factors have a significantly negative influence on water resources, but their effects involve more specific regions. The controlled factors are mainly represented by building dams and irrigation projects within the upper parts of the Tigris and Euphrates catchments, Al-Tharthar Scheme, waste water, solid wastes and wastes from wars, which has a significant effect on surface water in Iraq because about 80% of the water supply to Euphrates and Tigris Rivers come from Turkey. In addition, the pressures resulting from the high demand for water resources, and the continued decline in their quantity rates have led to major changes in the hydrological condition in Iraq during the past 30 years. The decrease in surface water levels and precipitation during these three decades reflects the drop in the levels of water reservoirs, lakes, and rivers to the unexpected levels. The level of main country’s water source, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers has fallen to less than a third of its natural levels. As storage capacity depreciates, the government estimates that its water reserves have been reduced precariously. According to the survey from the Ministry of Water Resources, millions of Iraqi people have faced a severe shortage of drinking water. Since of the importance of water for human life and the need to monitor temporal and spatial changes in quality and quantity, there is a need to develop a general Iraqi Water Quality Index (Iraq WQI) to monitor surface water and groundwater and classify it into five categories, very good, good, acceptable, bad and very bad, in terms of suitability for domestics, irrigation and agriculture depending on the Iraqi and WHO standards for drinking water. In addition, strict establishment for the regular quantitative monitoring surface water and groundwater setting and processes. Prospects are more negative for all riparian countries. This implies that solving these problems requires actual and serious international, regional, and national cooperation to set a prudent plan for water resources management of the two basins. Iraq being the most affected country should seriously set a prudent, scientific, and strategic plan for the management and conservation of its water resources.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
UK: Scientific Press International Limited, 2021
Emneord
Pollution, Water Quality, Waste, Surface water, Groundwater, Iraq
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81410 (URN)10.47260/jesge/1124 (DOI)
Merknad

Validerad;2020;Nivå 1;2020-11-18 (johcin)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-11-16 Laget: 2020-11-16 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T., Ali, S. S., Al-Ansari, N. & Knutsson, S. (2021). Seepage Velocity of Different Groundwater Aquifers in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin—NE of Iraq. In: Mohamed Ksibi; Achraf Ghorbal; Sudip Chakraborty; Helder I. Chaminé; Maurizio Barbieri; Giulia Guerriero; Olfa Hentati; Abdelazim Negm; Anthony Lehmann; Jörg Römbke; Armando Costa Duarte; Elena Xoplaki; Nabil Khélifi; Gilles Colinet; João Miguel Dias; Imed Gargouri; Eric D. Van Hullebusch; Benigno Sánchez Cabrero; Settimio Ferlisi; Chedly Tizaoui; Amjad Kallel; Sami Rtimi; Sandeep Panda; Philippe Michaud; Jaya Narayana Sahu; Mongi Seffen; Vincenzo Naddeo (Ed.), Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition): Proceedings of 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-2), Tunisia 2019. Paper presented at 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-2), Sousse, Tunisia, October 10-13, 2019 (pp. 1683-1687). Springer
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Seepage Velocity of Different Groundwater Aquifers in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin—NE of Iraq
2021 (engelsk)Inngår i: Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition): Proceedings of 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-2), Tunisia 2019 / [ed] Mohamed Ksibi; Achraf Ghorbal; Sudip Chakraborty; Helder I. Chaminé; Maurizio Barbieri; Giulia Guerriero; Olfa Hentati; Abdelazim Negm; Anthony Lehmann; Jörg Römbke; Armando Costa Duarte; Elena Xoplaki; Nabil Khélifi; Gilles Colinet; João Miguel Dias; Imed Gargouri; Eric D. Van Hullebusch; Benigno Sánchez Cabrero; Settimio Ferlisi; Chedly Tizaoui; Amjad Kallel; Sami Rtimi; Sandeep Panda; Philippe Michaud; Jaya Narayana Sahu; Mongi Seffen; Vincenzo Naddeo, Springer, 2021, s. 1683-1687Konferansepaper, Publicerat paper (Fagfellevurdert)
Abstract [en]

For understanding and prediction of transport in different groundwater aquifers media, the groundwater flow velocity (magnitude and direction) has to be considered. Halabja Saidsadiq Basin is located in the northeast part of Iraq, which covers an area of 1278 square kilometers with population of more than 200,000 inhabitants. The climate of this area is hot in the summers and cold in the winters. Groundwater aquifers in this area provide approximately 90% of whole water requirements. Therefore, it is important to understand some groundwater features in the area such as groundwater flow velocity, to prevent contaminant transport toward the groundwater aquifers. The main aim of this study was to apply geographic information system technique to estimate the magnitude and direction of the groundwater seepage velocity based on several hydrological and hydrogeological data in the region. The results revealed that the seepage velocity magnitude ranged from (0 to 51) m/d, while the flow direction is from the eastern to the western part of the study area. 

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Springer, 2021
Serie
Environmental Science and Engineering, ISSN 1863-5520, E-ISSN 1863-5539
Emneord
Seepage velocity, Magnitude, Aquifer, Groundwater
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83826 (URN)10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_267 (DOI)2-s2.0-85106196325 (Scopus ID)
Konferanse
2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-2), Sousse, Tunisia, October 10-13, 2019
Merknad

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-3-030-51209-5, 978-3-030-51212-5, 978-3-030-51210-1

Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-04-20 Laget: 2021-04-20 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T., Ali, S., Al-Ansari, N. & Knutsson, S. (2020). Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using two different vulnerability models in Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 10, Article ID 100276.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using two different vulnerability models in Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq
2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 10, artikkel-id 100276Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Groundwater aquifer in Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin considered as one of the most important aquifers in terms of water supplying in Kurdistan Region, NE of Iraq. The growing of economics, irrigation and agricultural activities inside the basin makes it of the main essentials to the region. Therefore, pollution of groundwater is of specific worry as groundwater resources are the principal source of water for drinking, agriculture, irrigation and industrial activities. Thus, the best and practical arrangement is to keep the pollution of groundwater through. The current study aims to evaluate of the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers of the study area. Two models were applied, to be specific VLDA and COP to develop maps of groundwater vulnerability for contamination. The VLDA model classified the area into four classes of vulnerability: low, moderate, high and very high with coverage area of (2%,44%,53% and 1%), respectively. While four vulnerability classes were accomplished dependent on COP model including very low, low, moderate and high vulnerability classes with coverage areas of (1%, 37%, 2% and 60%) respectively. To confirm the suitability of each map for assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the area, it required to be validated of the theoretical sympathetic of current hydrogeological conditions. In this study, groundwater age evaluated utilizing tritium isotopes investigation and applied it to validate the vulnerability results. Based on this validation, the outcome exhibits that the vulnerability classes acquired utilizing VLDA model are more predictable contrasted with the COP model.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Elsevier, 2020
Emneord
Vulnerability, VLDA, COP, Halabja-Saidsadiq basin (HSB), Iraq
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76166 (URN)10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100276 (DOI)000694845700460 ()2-s2.0-85072644933 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-10-01 (johcin)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-09-30 Laget: 2019-09-30 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Saleh, S. A., Al-Ansari, N. & Abdullah, T. (2020). Groundwater Hydrology in Iraq. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(1), 155-197
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Groundwater Hydrology in Iraq
2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, ISSN 1792-9040, E-ISSN 1792-9660, Vol. 10, nr 1, s. 155-197Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

In the current work, the spatial distribution of the precipitation in Iraq were reviewed, as it is considered as one of the most important parameters that controls groundwater recharging. In addition, the physiographical divisions of Iraq had been assessed as it is contributing in determining the groundwater aquifers, as well as a review of the division of the main groundwater aquifers. Subsequently, a review of the level and depths of groundwater, the regional trends of its flow, the variation of its specific quality (especially salinity), and its suitability for multipurpose, throughout of the Iraqi territory had been conducted. The characteristics of each region were highlighted separately, including the detailed aspects that relate to the groundwater recharge, quality flow of groundwater, the hydraulic characteristics of the groundwater aquifers, the problems facing the groundwater sector, and the development of recommendation in terms of the optimal investment and development of groundwater resources in each region.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
uk: Scientific Press International Limited, 2020
Emneord
Aquifer, Climate, Geology, Hydrogeology, Iraq
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77291 (URN)
Merknad

Validerad;2020;Nivå 1;2020-01-09 (johcin)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-01-05 Laget: 2020-01-05 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T. (2020). Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment to pollution in Different Soil and Rock Materials. (Doctoral dissertation). Luleå: Luleå University of Technology
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment to pollution in Different Soil and Rock Materials
2020 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The augmentation of human population regularly corresponds with change in the land cover, including expansion of urban areas, which imposes increasing the available amount of domestic and drinking water. The study area, Halabja-Saidsadiq Basin, is situated in the Northeast of Iraq and is one of the major groundwater sources of the region.  As the surface water sources are not enough in the studied area, it has become necessary to use groundwater at an increasing rate. Usually, a huge amount of groundwater is plentiful in the alluvial deposits or rock outcrops where the urban areas are frequently situated. Such areas face a huge risk of pollution of groundwater due to producing different sources of a contaminant from human's activity. Keeping these aspects in view, groundwater vulnerability studies have been carried out in the current studied basin. The main objective of this work is to investigate the environmental impacts on groundwater quality and recognize the groundwater vulnerability in the area so that the groundwater can be protected from probable contaminations.

In the current study, DRASTIC model has been applied since it is one of the most proper useful methods available for the assessment of the groundwater vulnerability. This model has been modified in different ways to achieve the obvious vulnerability condition in the area; likewise, different further methods have been applied for comparison purposes such as: weight modified VLDA and standard COP models. In addition, the applied models were validated by comparing its findings against the estimated groundwater ages and the observed water characteristic qualities within the region in two successive seasons.

According to the spatial distribution of irrigation water quality index, groundwater at the studied basin classified into three group for both dry and wet seasons, namely, Sever Restriction (SR), High Restriction (HR) and Moderate Restriction (MR). The coverage area of all three classes are (1.4%, 52.4% and46.2%) for dry season and (0.7%, 83.3% and16%) for wet seasons, respectively. While, refer to the water quality index for drinking purpose, groundwater in this basin reveals a permissible to excellent groundwater quality of the dry season and a good to excellent groundwater quality of the wet season. The high level of a good groundwater quality in the wet season compared to the dry season might be expected to the groundwater recharge during the winter and spring periods, which lead to dilution of chemical component, in contrast high irrigation and agricultural activities and groundwater discharge in the dry season leads to increase the concentration of chemical component.

Field and official data were collected to review several environmental impacts and were used to map standard DRASTIC vulnerability model for the study basin. Based on this model, the study area was classified into four zones of vulnerability indexes, comprises a very low, low, moderate and high vulnerability index with a coverage area of (34%, 13%, 48% and 5%) respectively.

In the first modification step, the rate and weight value of each parameter in DRASTIC model is modified. Nitrate concentration from 39 groundwater samples was used for modifying the recommended standard rating value based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum nonparametric statistical test and then sensitivity analysis was used to modifying recommended standard weighting value of each parameter. To calibrate the modified rate, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to estimate the relation between DRASTIC values and nitrate concentrations in groundwater samples. For the first modified model, the correlation coefficient was 72% that was significantly higher than 43% achieved for the standard model. The modified model classified the area into five vulnerability classes, including (very low, low, moderate, high and very high) with covered area of (7%, 35%, 19%, 35% and 4%), respectively.

The second modification of DRASTIC model was based on land use and land cover for the studied area. The land use and land cover (LULC) map prepared using ERDAS IMAGINE software from two different scenes of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). The LULC map indicates that only five classes of LULC can be identified: these are: barren land, agricultural land, vegetation land, urban area and wet land or water body. The modified DRASTIC based on LULC map classified the area into five classes with different coverage area of each class: very low (1.17%), low (36.82%), moderate (17.57%), high (43.42%) and very high (1.02%).

The third modified method of the current study is the modification of DRASTIC model based on Lineament feature of the study basin. A lineament map is extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) satellite imagery using different techniques in remote sensing and GIS. The lineament density map demonstrates that only six classes of lineament density can be identified ranged from (0-2.4). The third modified DRASTIC model classified the area into four vulnerability categories: very low (28.75%), low (14.31%), moderate (46.91%) and high (10.03%).

The fourth effort to modify standard DRASTIC model is the application of Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to assess the weight value of each parameter. The modified DRASTIC vulnerability index values based on AHP method ranged between (65.82–224.1) with five vulnerability classes comprises (very low to very high).

Weight modified VLDA and standard COP models were also applied to map vulnerability system in the study basin. The vulnerability outcome based on weight modified VLDA model revealed that a total of four ranges of vulnerability indexes had been distinguished ranging from low to very high with vulnerability indexes (2.133-9.16). Subsequently, based on the standard COP model, the area is also divided into four vulnerability classes ranging from very low to high with index value ranged from (0.79) to (6.2).

All applied models in the study basin were compared to each other and validated to clarify the validity of the theoretical sympathetic of current hydrogeological conditions and to show the accuracy of the modeled vulnerability system. Two methods were applied for the validation of the result, in the first approach; nitrate concentration analysis has been selected; the nitrate differences between two following seasons (dry and wet) were analyzed from (39) water wells. In the second approach, groundwater vulnerability was assessed based on estimated groundwater age from range of tritium (3H) value in the groundwater samples from different groundwater aquifers in the studied area. The results of both validation methods verify the sensibility of the gradation and distribution of vulnerability levels acquired using the modified DRASTIC model based on (rate and weight modification, weight modification based on AHP process and effect of LULC on DRASTIC model) and also applying weight modified of VLDA model.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2020. s. 96
Serie
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Emneord
Groundwater, Vulnerability, DRASTIC, VLDA, Modification
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79469 (URN)978-91-7790-619-3 (ISBN)978-91-7790-620-9 (ISBN)
Disputas
2020-11-18, F1031, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Forskningsfinansiär
Luleå University of Technology, 184184940100
Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-06-15 Laget: 2020-06-12 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T. O., Ali, S. S., Al-Ansari, N., Knutsson, S. & Laue, J. (2020). Magnitude and Direction of Groundwater Seepage Velocity in Different Soil and Rock Materials. Engineering, 12(4), 242-253
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Magnitude and Direction of Groundwater Seepage Velocity in Different Soil and Rock Materials
Vise andre…
2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 12, nr 4, s. 242-253Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

To understand and anticipate flow in various groundwater media, the magnitude and direction of groundwater flow velocity must be deemed. The studied area which is called Halabja-Sadiq Basin is in the northeastern part of Iraq and covers an area of approximately 128,000 square hectometers. There are several groundwater aquifers in this region that supply nearly over 90% of all water needs. Subsequently, it is of highly requirement to identify various groundwater behaviors in the area. The objective of this study is to estimate the magnitude and direction of the groundwater seepage velocity with the aid of groundwater tool in Geographic Information System technology. Refer to the results of this analysis, the magnitude value of groundwater flow velocity ranged from 0 to 51 m/d, whilst the general flow movement is from the eastern part to the western part of the study area. The factor governing the direction of flow and velocity magnitude indicates the direction of dipping of the geological formation strata, the high head of groundwater in the eastern part, and the low transmissivity properties of aquifer materials in the western part.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
USA: Scientific Research Publishing, 2020
Emneord
Seepage Velocity, Magnitude, Aquifer, Groundwater, Halabja Saidsadiq Basin
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78628 (URN)10.4236/eng.2020.124020 (DOI)
Merknad

Validerad;2020;Nivå 1;2020-04-27 (johcin)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2020-04-23 Laget: 2020-04-23 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T., Ali, S. S., Al-Ansari, N. & Knutsson, S. (2019). Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater and Its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq. Water, 11(4), Article ID 690.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater and Its Suitability for Domestic Uses in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq
2019 (engelsk)Inngår i: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 11, nr 4, artikkel-id 690Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Evaluation of the hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater suitability for domestic use was conducted in the Halabja Saidsadiq Basin in the northeastern part of Iraq. The total studied area is about 1278 km 2 with a specific Mediterranean-type continental interior climate, which is cold in winter and hot in summer. To conduct the required laboratory chemical analysis for groundwater samples in the studied basin, 78 groundwater samples, in total, were collected from 39 water wells in the dry and wet seasons in 2014 and analyzed for major cations and anions, and the results were compared with the permitted limits for drinking water. An examination of the chemical concentrations of the World Health Organization drinking water norms demonstrate that a large portion of the groundwater samples is suitable for drinking, and a preponderance of groundwater samples situated in the class of hard and very hard water types for both seasons. Suitability of groundwater for drinking use was additionally assessed according to the water quality index classification. This showed that more than 98% of groundwater samples have good water quality in the dry and wet seasons. Conversely, the classification of groundwater samples based on Piper’s diagram designates that the groundwater type is alkaline water, with existing bicarbonate along with sulfate and chloride. However, water–ock exchange processes and groundwater flow have been responsible for the dominant water type of Ca–g–CO3.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Switzerland: MDPI, 2019
Emneord
hydrogeochemistry, water quality index, domestic use, Halabja Saidsadiq Basin
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73541 (URN)10.3390/w11040690 (DOI)000473105700060 ()2-s2.0-85065012852 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-04-10 (inah)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-04-10 Laget: 2019-04-10 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
O. Abdullah, T., S. Ali, S., Al-Ansari, N. & Knutsson, S. (2018). Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Using VLDA and COP Models in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 12(11), 798-809, Article ID 003.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution Using VLDA and COP Models in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, Iraq
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ISSN 1934-7359, E-ISSN 1934-7367, Vol. 12, nr 11, s. 798-809, artikkel-id 003Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Groundwater aquifer in the Halabja and Saidsadiq Basin considered being one of the most important aquifers in terms of water supplying in Kurdistan Region, NE of Iraq. The growing of economics, irrigation and agricultural activities inside the basin makes it of the main essentials to the region. Therefore, pollution of groundwater is of specific worry as groundwater resources are the principal source of water for drinking, agriculture, irrigation and industrial activities. Thus, the best and practical arrangement is to keep the pollution of groundwater through. The current study aims the evaluation of the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers of the study area. Two models were applied, to be specific VLDA and COP to develop maps of groundwater vulnerability for contamination. The VLDA model classified the area into four classes of vulnerability with each covered area: low (2%), moderate (44%), high (53%) and very high (1%). While four vulnerability classes were accomplished dependent on COP model including very low, low, moderate and high vulnerability classes with coverage areas of (1%, 37%, 2% and 60%) respectively. To confirm the suitability of each map for assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the area, it required to be validated of the theoretical sympathetic of current hydrogeological conditions. In this study, groundwater age evaluated utilizing tritium isotopes investigation and applied it to validate the vulnerability results. Based on this validation, the outcome exhibits that the vulnerability classes acquired utilizing VLDA model are more predictable contrasted with the COP model.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
New York: David Publishing Company, 2018
Emneord
Vulnerability, VLDA, COP, HSB
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72758 (URN)10.17265/1934-7359/2018.11.003 (DOI)
Merknad

Validerad;2019;Nivå 1;2019-02-28 (marisr)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2019-02-01 Laget: 2019-02-01 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T., Ali, S., Al-Ansari, N. & Knutsson, S. (2018). Possibility of Groundwater Pollution in Halabja Saidsadiq Hydrogeological Basin, Iraq Using Modified DRASTIC Model Based on AHP andTritium Isotopes. Geosciences, 8(7), Article ID 236.
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Possibility of Groundwater Pollution in Halabja Saidsadiq Hydrogeological Basin, Iraq Using Modified DRASTIC Model Based on AHP andTritium Isotopes
2018 (engelsk)Inngår i: Geosciences, E-ISSN 2076-3263, Vol. 8, nr 7, artikkel-id 236Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

An anthropogenic activity is one of the most severe environmental causes for groundwatercontamination in the urban area. Groundwater thought to be one of the principal sources of water supply in Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, and therefore its vulnerability evaluation to define areas that are more vulnerable to pollution is incredibly vital.  The objectives of this paper are to reveal weight modified of DRASTIC model based on the Analytical Hierarchical Process to estimate the proportional likelihood of groundwater resources pollution. Tritium isotopes analysis was chosen and applied as a pollution marker to confirm the result of this adjustment. Based on this modification, vulnerability classes that were achieved for the studied basin were alienated into five classes, including very low, low, medium, high, and very high, with vulnerability index value of (<100, >100–125, >125–150,>150–200, and >200), respectively.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
MDPI, 2018
Emneord
vulnerability, DRASTIC, AHP, Tritium, Halabja Saidsadiq Basin (HSB)
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69971 (URN)10.3390/geosciences8070236 (DOI)000445150300011 ()2-s2.0-85049505050 (Scopus ID)
Merknad

Validerad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-06-29 (andbra)

Tilgjengelig fra: 2018-06-28 Laget: 2018-06-28 Sist oppdatert: 2023-09-05bibliografisk kontrollert
Abdullah, T. (2017). Groundwater Vulnerability Using DRASTIC model Applied to Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, IRAQ. (Licentiate dissertation). Luleå tekniska universitet
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Groundwater Vulnerability Using DRASTIC model Applied to Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, IRAQ
2017 (engelsk)Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Luleå tekniska universitet, 2017. s. 142
Serie
Licentiate thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1757
HSV kategori
Forskningsprogram
Geoteknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61783 (URN)978-91-7583-808-3 (ISBN)978-91-7583-809-0 (ISBN)
Presentation
2017-03-09, F1031, Luleå, 10:00
Veileder
Tilgjengelig fra: 2017-02-03 Laget: 2017-02-02 Sist oppdatert: 2022-10-27bibliografisk kontrollert
Organisasjoner
Identifikatorer
ORCID-id: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-4745-2074