The opening up of public sector data has provided a new data resource for the citizens. However, the use of open data and its consequent societal value has proved not to be as extensive as initially hoped for, although multiple innovations have emerged; rather it is still considered problematic, and knowledge about open data use is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to clarify open data use and engagement by people outside the public sector, especially what motives exists and how different user types align to these motives. To achieve this, a document analysis has been carried out of reported use cases identified in EU topic reports between 2014 and 2016. By applying the theory of Relevant Social Groups (RSG), which focuses on the people's interpretation of the purpose with the technology, we identified five RSGs representing overall motives for open data use: 1) Exploring for creativity, 2) Creating business value, 3) Enabling local citizen value, 4) Addressing global societal challenges, and 5) Advocating the open data agenda. We also discuss differences between the relevant social groups and the included user types, issues and implications for understanding the evolvement of the open data field, and suggests research ahead.

The current focus on releasing open data from public sector and allowing this data to be a resource in new outputs seems to be hampered in its evolvement. Despite the growing number of open data, re-use of this data is not reaching the expected levels. This paper sets out to increase our understanding of one of the key activities, the re-use of open data, in order to bring clarity into the processes for making open data the valuable resource it is believed to have a potential to. Specifically, this study aims at deriving at a definition of the yet blurry concept of open data re-use, and by doing so, contributes to form a foundation for future research on open data re-use.

By undertaking a literature review; current policies in Europe where analysed, three research streams on open data re-use were identified, the scope and boundaries of re-use as an activity well as the re-users of open data were investigated, before a definition finally were derived through a discussion. At the end, reflections on future research based on findings in the discussions are made to further excel our scholarly understanding of open data re-use and the long-term effects of it. 

The 38th Information Systems Research Conference in Scandinavia (http://iris2015.org) in Oulo, Finland.

Around the globe, crowdsourcing initiatives are emerging and contributing in a diversity of areas, such as in crisis management and product development and to carry out micro-tasks such as translations and transcriptions. The essence of crowdsourcing is to acknowledge that not all the talented people work for you; hence, crowdsourcing brings more perspectives, insights, and visions to, for instance, an innovation process. In this article, we analyze how crowdsourcing can contribute to the different stages of innovation processes carried out in living labs and thus contribute to living labs by strengthening their core role as innovation process facilitators. We have also identified benefits and challenges that need to be grappled with for managers of living labs to make it possible for the crowd to fully support their cause.

The traditional service life cycle starts with the formulation of required needs and ends with the adoption and ownership of the service. In an e-government context, this takes the form of citizens consuming services provided by the public sector bodies. We examine how a combination of mobile e-services and open data can extend and allow possible citizen-driven continuation of the service life cycle. The chosen method is a concept-driven approach, manifesting our concept in a digital prototype, which allows citizens to generate and acquire open data, as well as develop and publish their own e-services

Mobile computing is one of the most important paradigms to influence and enhance modern e-services, mainly due to its anytime and anywhere availability adding value to the delivered service. In a traditional e-government context, the service life cycle takes the form of citizens consuming services provided by public sector bodies. In this paper, we use a novel concept combining mobile e-services and open data to extend and allow possible citizen-driven continuation of the service life cycle. The concept is evaluated throughout the design process, and also becomes the subject of a focus group. Our most important conclusions are that the concept design extends the service life cycle within the public sector context, and also creates new entrances for citizens to participate in generating and acquiring open data, thus transforming citizens' involvement. The result is increased co-operation, as well as increased adoption and availability of data and e-services, enhancing citizen participation

Samarbetspartner med Ericsson Research under deras arrangemang av Ericsson Application Awards, en internationell utvecklartävling för mobila applikationer. I detta ingick att göra undersökningar bland deltagarna för att skapa en ökad förståelse för drivkrafterna bakom deltagandet samt hur en sådan här typ av tävling har för påverkan som drivkraft för tjänsteinnovation.

From DOW: "IoT Lab is a research project exploring the potential of crowdsourcing to extend IoT testbed infrastructure for multidisciplinary experiments with more end-user interactions. It will research and develop:1. Crowdsourcing mechanisms and tools enabling testbeds to use third parties resources (such as mobile phones), and to interact with distributed users (the crowd). The crowdsourcing enablers will address issues suchas privacy by design, identity management, security, reputation mechanisms, and data ownership.2. Virtualization of crowdsourcing and testbed components by using a meta-layer with an open interface, facilitating the integration and interaction with heterogeneous components. It should ease data integration and reduce the cost of deployment in real environment.3. Ubiquitous Interconnection and Cloudification of the testbeds resources. It will research the potential of IPv6 and network virtualization to interconnect heterogeneous and distributed resources through a Virtual IoT Networkand will integrate them into the Cloud to provide an on-line platform of crowdsourcing Testbed as a Service (TBaaS) available to the research community.4. End-user and societal value creation by analyzing the potential end-users and crowdsourcing participants to propose an optimized model for end-user adoption and societal value creation.5. “Crowdsourcing-driven research” as a new model in which the research can be initiated, guided and assessed by the crowd. It will compare it to other models.6. Economic dimension of crowdsourcing testbed, by analyzing the potential markets and business models able to monetize the provided resources with adequate incentives, in order to optimize the exploitation, costs, profitability and economic sustainability of such testbeds. It will also develop tools for future experiments.7. Performing multidisciplinary experiments, including end-user driven experiments through crowdsourcing, to assess the added value of such approach."

The overall mission of SATIN is to empower end-users without programming skills to create mobile-services, and to share services with other end-users. In the project researchers from Luleå University of Technology and Umeå University join forces together with different industrial actors to solve the issues on technologies for mobile service-creation, user-driven service design and implementation and the future mobile service business ecosystem.