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Publications (10 of 137) Show all publications
Simonsson, J., Atta, K. T. & Birk, W. (2024). A Graph Theoretical Approach to Modeling of District Energy Networks. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Graph Theoretical Approach to Modeling of District Energy Networks
2024 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, ISSN 1063-6536, E-ISSN 1558-0865Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Simulation of thermal dynamics in city-scale district energy grids often becomes computationally prohibitive for long simulation runs. Most current model order reduction methods offer limited interpretability with regards to the nonreduced system and are not in general applicable for varying flow rates, multiple producers, or changing flow directions. This article presents a graph perspective on modeling of district energy networks. Based on spectral graph theory, a novel method for model order reduction of district energy systems is proposed. The method approximates the solution of an optimization problem, minimizing the coefficients of the local truncation error for the advection equation. Furthermore, a method for calculating the intracluster temperature distribution is presented. It is shown that the method can be used to reduce the thermal dynamic model of a city-scale energy grid, resulting in a coarser temporal and spatial resolution, with a significant decrease in simulation time. The relative root-mean-square error (rRMSE) was 2.5% for the temperature in the evaluation scenario, comparing the reduced-order system with the nonreduced system at the instances of the coarser time step.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2024
Keywords
District heating, graph theory, model order reduction, spectral clustering
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103185 (URN)10.1109/TCST.2023.3345213 (DOI)001137413500001 ()2-s2.0-85182363992 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 775970Swedish Energy Agency, 43090-2
Note

Full text: CC BY license

Available from: 2023-12-04 Created: 2023-12-04 Last updated: 2024-03-12
Zaman, A., Birk, W. & Laila, D. S. (2024). Towards Empirical Transfer Function Estimation for Model Fitting in Closed-loop System Identification. In: : . Paper presented at European Control Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 25-28, 2024.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards Empirical Transfer Function Estimation for Model Fitting in Closed-loop System Identification
2024 (English)Conference paper (Refereed)
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103554 (URN)
Conference
European Control Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, June 25-28, 2024
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 956059
Available from: 2024-01-09 Created: 2024-01-09 Last updated: 2024-01-15
Jafari, S. R., Khaki-Sedigh, A. & Birk, W. (2023). Adaptive multi-objective control allocation with online actuator selection for over-actuated systems. International Journal of Dynamics and Control, 11(3), 1220-1229
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adaptive multi-objective control allocation with online actuator selection for over-actuated systems
2023 (English)In: International Journal of Dynamics and Control, ISSN 2195-268X, E-ISSN 2195-2698, Vol. 11, no 3, p. 1220-1229Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper presents an adaptive control allocation technique for over-actuated systems. The online actuator selection algorithm is used to select the best group of actuators. Also, a multi-objective cost function is utilized for the allocation unit. The virtual and actual control signals in the control allocation methodologies are linked by the effectiveness matrix. In many practical systems, the elements of the effectiveness matrix may vary due to changing operating conditions, nonlinearities, ageing, disturbances and faults. Hence, an online algorithm for estimation of the entries of the effectiveness matrix is presented in this paper. Estimation of the effectiveness matrix will be used for the proposed adaptive actuator selection strategy, employing the Actuator Effectiveness Index (AEI). The AEI is calculated for all the actuators, and the best group of actuators will be subsequently selected. Finally, simulation results are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2023
Keywords
Adaptive control allocation, Actuator selection, Over-actuated systems, Multi-objective control allocation
National Category
Signal Processing
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93596 (URN)10.1007/s40435-022-01054-9 (DOI)001074766700025 ()2-s2.0-85139657863 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 1;2023-06-29 (sofila);

Available from: 2022-10-13 Created: 2022-10-13 Last updated: 2024-03-07Bibliographically approved
Simonsson, J., Atta, K. T. & Birk, W. (2023). Decentralized Temperature Control in District Energy Systems. Journal of Process Control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Decentralized Temperature Control in District Energy Systems
2023 (English)In: Journal of Process Control, ISSN 0959-1524, E-ISSN 1873-2771Article in journal (Other academic) Submitted
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103184 (URN)
Available from: 2023-12-04 Created: 2023-12-04 Last updated: 2024-01-15
Zaman, A. & Birk, W. (2023). Online estimation of PID controllers and plant dynamics via multi‐recursive least squares estimation from closed‐loop I/O data. IET Control Theory & Applications
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Online estimation of PID controllers and plant dynamics via multi‐recursive least squares estimation from closed‐loop I/O data
2023 (English)In: IET Control Theory & Applications, ISSN 1751-8644, E-ISSN 1751-8652Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

This article proposes an online solution to address the problem of closed-loop system identification using multiple recursive least squares estimation protocols. Some control systems cannot be analysed in an open-loop form for stability reasons or the requirement for online control system operation. So, it is necessary to identify plant dynamics and controller parameters based on input–output data from the feedback structure. The presented method identifies real-time parameters of plant dynamics and controller parameters by utilising a series of recursive least square estimation algorithms that estimate open-loop data from noisy input–output data measured from the closed-loop feedback structure. The proposed method can effectively identify abrupt variations in both the controller parameters and plant dynamics. This capability makes it valuable for deployment as a supervisory component, enabling the detection of any faults that may arise in operating systems. Mathematical formulations and theorems are developed, and two numerical case studies are presented to examine the feasibility and performance of the presented closed-loop system identification protocol.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2023
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103083 (URN)10.1049/cth2.12605 (DOI)2-s2.0-85177792907 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 956059
Note

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2023-11-29 Created: 2023-11-29 Last updated: 2024-03-12
Birk, W., Hostettler, R., Razi, M., Atta, K. & Tammia, R. (2022). Automatic generation and updating of process industrial digital twins for estimation and control - A review. Frontiers in Control Engineering, 3, Article ID 954858.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Automatic generation and updating of process industrial digital twins for estimation and control - A review
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2022 (English)In: Frontiers in Control Engineering, E-ISSN 2673-6268, Vol. 3, article id 954858Article, review/survey (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This review aims at assessing the opportunities and challenges of creating and using digital twins for process industrial systems over their life-cycle in the context of estimation and control. The scope is, therefore, to provide a survey on mechanisms to generate models for process industrial systems using machine learning (purely data-driven) and automated equation-based modeling. In particular, we consider learning, validation, and updating of large-scale (i.e., plant-wide or plant-stage but not component-wide) equation-based process models. These aspects are discussed in relation to typical application cases for the digital twins creating value for users both on the operational and planning level for process industrial systems. These application cases are also connected to the needed technologies and the maturity of those as given by the state of the art. Combining all aspects, a way forward to enable the automatic generation and updating of digital twins is proposed, outlining the required research and development activities. The paper is the outcome of the research project AutoTwin-PRE funded by Strategic Innovation Program PiiA within the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA and the academic version of an industry report prior published by PiiA.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022
Keywords
model generation, model update, digital twin, automatic, control, estimation, process control
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-94236 (URN)10.3389/fcteg.2022.954858 (DOI)
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-02816
Note

Godkänd;2022;Nivå 0;2022-11-23 (joosat);

Available from: 2022-11-23 Created: 2022-11-23 Last updated: 2022-11-24Bibliographically approved
Ram, S., Al-Kahwati, K., Birk, W. & Westerberg, J. (2022). Detection of Bogie Performance Issues using Way-Side Monitoring Systems. In: Proceedings of the AREMA 2022 Annual Conference: . Paper presented at American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association Annual Conference & Expo (AREMA 2022), Denver, USA, August 28-31, 2022. Lanham: American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Detection of Bogie Performance Issues using Way-Side Monitoring Systems
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the AREMA 2022 Annual Conference, Lanham: American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA) , 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Lanham: American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA), 2022
National Category
Vehicle Engineering Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93594 (URN)
Conference
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association Annual Conference & Expo (AREMA 2022), Denver, USA, August 28-31, 2022
Available from: 2022-10-13 Created: 2022-10-13 Last updated: 2023-01-20Bibliographically approved
Simonsson, J., Atta, K. T. & Birk, W. (2022). Reduced-Order Modeling of Thermal Dynamics in District Energy Networks using Spectral Clustering. In: 2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA): . Paper presented at 2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), August 23-25, 2022, Trieste, Italy (pp. 144-150). IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reduced-Order Modeling of Thermal Dynamics in District Energy Networks using Spectral Clustering
2022 (English)In: 2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), IEEE, 2022, p. 144-150Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Simulation of thermal dynamics in city-scale district energy grids often becomes computationally prohibitive for long simulation runs. Current model order reduction methods offer limited interpretability with regards to the nonreduced system, and are not in general applicable for e.g., varying flow rates, multiple producers, or changing flow directions. This article presents a novel method based on graph theory that approximates the solution of an optimization problem that minimizes the local truncation error for heat transport in the grid. It is shown that the method can be used to reduce the thermal dynamic model of a city-scale energy grid, resulting in a coarser temporal and spatial resolution. The relative root mean square error was 2.3 % for the temperature in the evaluation scenario, comparing the reduced-order system with the nonreduced system at the instances of the coarser time-step.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2022
Series
Control Technology and Applications, ISSN 2768-0762, E-ISSN 2768-0770
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95573 (URN)10.1109/CCTA49430.2022.9965996 (DOI)2-s2.0-85144594811 (Scopus ID)978-1-6654-7338-5 (ISBN)
Conference
2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), August 23-25, 2022, Trieste, Italy
Available from: 2023-02-09 Created: 2023-02-09 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved
Zaman, A., Safarinejadian, B. & Birk, W. (2022). Security Analysis and Fault Detection Against Stealthy Replay Attacks. International Journal of Control, 95(6), 1562-1575
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Security Analysis and Fault Detection Against Stealthy Replay Attacks
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Control, ISSN 0020-7179, E-ISSN 1366-5820, Vol. 95, no 6, p. 1562-1575Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates the security issue of the data replay attacks on the control systems. The attacker is assumed to interfere with the control system’s process in a steady-state case. The problem is presented as the standard way to attack, which is storing measurements and replaying them in further times to the system. The controller is assumed to be the LQG controller. The main novelty in this paper can be stated as proposing a different attack detection criterion by using the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence method to cover more general control system problems with these attacks and with higher-order dynamics. Also, there exists a packet-dropout feature in transmitting the data as another contribution of the paper. Formulations and numerical simulations prove the effectiveness of the newly proposed attack detection procedure by having a quick response to occurred attacks with various values of the considered packet-dropout coefficient. Although, in previous approaches, the trade-off between attack detection delay or LQG the performance was significant, in this approach it is proved that the difference in this trade-off is not considered in early moments when the attack happens since the attack detection rate is rapid and thus, these attacks can be stopped with defense strategies in the first moments with the proposed attack detection criterion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2022
Keywords
Cyber-physical system security, Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence, LQG controller, Replay attacks, State estimation
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-82051 (URN)10.1080/00207179.2020.1862917 (DOI)000603799600001 ()2-s2.0-85098507503 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-07-01 (joosat);

Available from: 2020-12-18 Created: 2020-12-18 Last updated: 2022-07-01Bibliographically approved
Zaman, A., Birk, W., Atta, K. & Mörtsell, M. (2021). Adaptive Decoupling of Multivariable Systems Using Extremum-Seeking Approach. In: 2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA): . Paper presented at 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2021), Västerås, Sweden, September 7-10, 2021 (pp. 01-07). IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Adaptive Decoupling of Multivariable Systems Using Extremum-Seeking Approach
2021 (English)In: 2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), IEEE, 2021, p. 01-07Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Decentralized control of MIMO system is still the dominating control strategy in industry for its ease in design and maintenance, despite its known shortcomings in performance. In this article, an online decoupling scheme of MIMO processes using an extremum-seeking approach is proposed. By applying the developed method, at first, the system's loop interactions are estimated in real-time using phasor extremum seeking, and then, a pre-compensator matrix is calculated and augmented to the process by minimizing the loop interactions. The presented online decoupling approach is a model-free method, and only the plant's inputs and outputs are analyzed to provide the decentralized control protocol. Numerical results provide the effectiveness of the developed method for a two-input, two-output (TITO) control system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2021
Keywords
decentralized control, extremum seeking control, multivariable process, online decoupling, phasor estimation
National Category
Control Engineering
Research subject
Automatic Control
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87793 (URN)10.1109/ETFA45728.2021.9613455 (DOI)000766992600130 ()2-s2.0-85122957551 (Scopus ID)
Conference
26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2021), Västerås, Sweden, September 7-10, 2021
Projects
ECO-Qube
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 956059
Note

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-1-7281-2989-1, 978-1-7281-2990-7

Copyright statement: “© 2021 IEEE.  Personal use of this material is permitted.  Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”

Available from: 2021-11-05 Created: 2021-11-05 Last updated: 2024-01-16Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5888-8626

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