Open this publication in new window or tab >>2023 (English)In: Foundations, E-ISSN 2673-9321, Vol. 3, no 4, p. 634-642Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
I. The arena of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory is the abstract, unobserved and unobservable, M-dimensional formal Hilbert space ≠ spacetime. II. The arena of observations—and, more generally, of all events (i.e., everything) in the real physical world—is the classical four-dimensional physical spacetime. III. The “Born rule” is the random process “magically” transforming I into II. Wavefunctions are superposed and entangled only in the abstract space I, never in spacetime II. Attempted formulations of quantum theory directly in real physical spacetime actually constitute examples of “locally real” theories, as defined by Clauser and Horne, and are therefore already empirically refuted by the numerous tests of Bell’s theorem in real, controlled experiments in laboratories here on Earth. Observed quantum entities (i.e., events) are never superposed or entangled as they: (1) exclusively “live” (manifest) in real physical spacetime and (2) are not described by entangled wavefunctions after “measurement” effectuated by III. When separated and treated correctly in this way, a number of fundamental problems and “paradoxes” of quantum theory vs. relativity (i.e., spacetime) simply vanish, such as the black hole information paradox, the infinite zero-point energy of quantum field theory and the quantization of general relativity.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2023
Keywords
Born rule, quantum measurement, quantum to classical
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Research subject
Applied Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101531 (URN)10.3390/foundations3040038 (DOI)
Funder
Luleå University of Technology, 223110
Note
Validerad;2023;Nivå 1;2023-10-02 (joosat);
2023-10-022023-10-022023-10-02Bibliographically approved