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Nordqvist, Kerstin
Publications (10 of 32) Show all publications
Kaykhaii, S., Herrmann, I., Hedström, A., Nordqvist, K. & Viklander, M. (2024). Stormwater treatment using an ultrafiltration membrane and pulsatile fluid flow. Urban Water Journal, 21(10), 1176-1184
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stormwater treatment using an ultrafiltration membrane and pulsatile fluid flow
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2024 (English)In: Urban Water Journal, ISSN 1573-062X, E-ISSN 1744-9006, Vol. 21, no 10, p. 1176-1184Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was used for stormwater treatment, with the focus on evaluating the increase in the membrane process productivity by adding pulsatile fluid flow to UF membrane treatment. Sedimentation and sieving were used as pre-treatment. The result showed that increasing the pulse frequency from 0 to 4 Hz increased productivity from -6.6 to 82 LMH. UF membrane removed suspended solids, oil and turbidity below detection limit. The UF membrane also separated total coliforms, E. coli and P. aeruginosa below detection limit. Total organic carbon (TOC) was reduced by between 70 and 91%. In addition, the UF membrane was able to reduce BOD7 and COD to below 7 mg/L in the permeate. According to the US EPA, WHO, and national regulations in Canada,  Japan, and South Korea, treated stormwater can be used for flushing toilets and streets irrigation and agricultural use. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2024
Keywords
PVP/PES, dead end filtration, pulse frequency, water reuse, fouling
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95825 (URN)10.1080/1573062X.2023.2183136 (DOI)000946252400001 ()2-s2.0-85149475630 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-01447Vinnova, 2016-05176
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-11-29 (joosat);

Full text: CC BY license

Available from: 2023-03-09 Created: 2023-03-09 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
Sami, M., Hedström, A., Kvarnström, E., Österlund, H., Nordqvist, K. & Herrmann, I. (2024). Treatment of greywater and presence of microplastics in on-site systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 366, Article ID 121859.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Treatment of greywater and presence of microplastics in on-site systems
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 366, article id 121859Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Eight on-site greywater treatment facilities of four different types (A, B, C and D) were investigated. Three were commercially available package plants (A–C) and one was a conventional sand filter (D). The treatment unit of Type A consisted of a geotextile-fitted trickling filter and a sand filter bottom layer, the Type B consisted of packs of fibrous mineral wool filter materials, and the Type C consisted of a fine-meshed plastic filter. The treatment systems were assessed in terms of their removal efficiency for organic matter (e.g. BOD, COD, TOC), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), surfactants, indicator bacteria (E. coli and enterococci) as well as microplastics. Systems A and D effectively reduced organic matter by >96% BOD, >94% COD and >90% TOC. Their effluent BOD was <29 mg/l. The BOD reduction in the treatment facilities of types B and C was in the range of 70–95%. Removal of anionic surfactants was >90% with effluent concentration <1 mg/l in all facilities. In general, the treatment systems were ineffective in removing E. coli and enterococci; the most efficient was the sand filter (type D), achieving 1.4–3.8 log10 for E. coli and 2.3–3.3 log10 for enterococci. Due to the high E. coli in the effluents, all the on-site systems were classified as Poor (score: 0–44) according to the water quality index (WQI) assessment. In two of the studied facilities, nine microplastic polymers were targeted (i.e. PVC, PS, PET, PE, PC, NG, PMMA, PP and PA6) and analyzed using the thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TED-GCMS) technique. PVC, PS, PET and PA6 were commonly detected in the influent and effluent. The effluent quality from type A and D systems was found to comply with the European Commission’s guideline for the reuse of reclaimed water except for the indicator bacteria concentration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2024
Keywords
Graywater, Package plants, Surfactants, Nutrients, Polymers, Water quality index
National Category
Water Engineering Water Treatment Microbiology
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-108373 (URN)10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121859 (DOI)001273697500001 ()39018843 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85198341500 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2019-01903Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 208-0182-18
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-22 (signyg);

Fulltext license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-07-22 Created: 2024-07-22 Last updated: 2024-11-20Bibliographically approved
Lange, K., Furén, R., Österlund, H., Winston, R., Tirpak, R. A., Nordqvist, K., . . . Blecken, G.-T. (2023). Abundance, distribution, and composition of microplastics in the filter media of nine aged stormwater bioretention systems. Chemosphere, 320, Article ID 138103.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Abundance, distribution, and composition of microplastics in the filter media of nine aged stormwater bioretention systems
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2023 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 320, article id 138103Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bioretention systems are designed for quality treatment of stormwater. Particulate contaminants are commonly treated efficiently and accumulate mainly in the surface layer of the bioretention filter material. However, concerns exist that microplastic particles may not show equal accumulation behavior as other sediment particles. So far only two field and two laboratory studies are available on the fate of microplastics in few relatively newly built bioretention systems. Therefore, this study investigated the abundance and distribution of microplastics in nine 7–12 years old stormwater bioretention systems. It was found that microplastics generally accumulate on the surface of bioretention systems. Microplastic median particle concentrations decreased significantly from the surface layer (0–5 cm) of the filter material to the 10–15 cm depth layer from 448 to 136 particles/100 g, respectively. The distance to the inlet did not significantly affect the surface accumulation of microplastic particles, suggesting modest spatial variability in microplastics accumulation in older bioretention systems. Further, this study investigated the polymer composition in bioretention systems. It was shown that PP, EVA, PS and EPDM rubber are the most abundant polymer types in bioretention systems. Also, it was found that large percentages of microplastic particles are black particles (median percentage of black particles: 39%) which were found in 28 of the 33 investigated samples. This underlines the importance of including black particles in microplastic studies on stormwater, which has been overlooked in most previous studies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2023
Keywords
Biofilter, LID, Plastic pollution, Rain garden, Soil media, Urban runoff
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95676 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138103 (DOI)000944708300001 ()36775039 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85147683211 (Scopus ID)
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Water
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-02-21 (joosat);

Funder: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (208-0182-18)

Licens fulltext: CC BY License

Available from: 2023-02-21 Created: 2023-02-21 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
Kaykhaii, S., Herrmann, I., Hedström, A., Nordqvist, K., Heidfors, I. & Viklander, M. (2023). Enhancing stormwater treatment through ultrafiltration: impact of cleaning chemicals and backwash duration on membrane efficiency. Water Reuse, 13(4), 634-646
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing stormwater treatment through ultrafiltration: impact of cleaning chemicals and backwash duration on membrane efficiency
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2023 (English)In: Water Reuse, ISSN 2709-6092, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 634-646Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The effect of chemical cleaning and regular backwashing on the efficiency of an ultrafiltration membrane fouled during stormwater treatment was studied. Increasing backwash time from 30 to 60 s resulted in an increase in productivity by 20%. However, the productivity was highest when a backwash time of 45 s was used (3% higher than using 60 s). Chemical cleaning was carried out using an alkaline solution (NaOH with or without NaOCl) followed by acid washing with HCl. The addition of NaOCl to the cleaning chemical did not significantly increase the efficiency of chemical cleaning, and the average pure water permeability increase was 97 ± 13 LMH bar−1 after chemical cleaning with NaOH followed by HCl and 117 ± 15 LMH bar−1 after chemical cleaning with NaOH + NaOCl followed by HCl, on average. In addition, reversibility after chemical cleaning was 96 ± 67%, on average. The result from scanning electron microscopy showed that at the end of the experiments, inorganic foulants existed in both the inner layer (feed side) and the outer layer (permeate side) of the membrane.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IWA Publishing, 2023
Keywords
dead-end filtration, fouling, permeability, pulsatile fluid flow, runoff, stormwater treatment
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103058 (URN)10.2166/wrd.2023.106 (DOI)001107293300001 ()2-s2.0-85181444396 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-20075
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-03-15 (hanlid);

Funder: DRIZZLE Center for Stormwater Management (2016-05176);

License full text: CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2023-11-28 Created: 2023-11-28 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
Sami, M., Hedström, A., Kvarnström, E. & Herrmann, I. (2023). On-site greywater treatment systems - influent and effluent quality. Svensk nationell datatjänst (SND)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On-site greywater treatment systems - influent and effluent quality
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2023 (English)Data set
Alternative title[sv]
Behandling av bad-, disk- och tvättvatten i enskilda avloppsanläggningar - Kvalitet på inkommande och utgående vatten
Abstract [en]

The dataset presented here consists of raw data on the quality of influent and effluent greywater from eight on-site greywater treatment systems situated in Södertälje municipality, Sweden. These on-site treatment systems included three types of commercially available package plants and one sand filter. The influent and effluent samples were taken as grab samples between August 2020 and December 2021 and analysed for organic material, nutrients, pathogens, anionic surfactants, salt and (for two of the eight on-site systems) microplastics. Supporting parameters, e.g. suspended solids and pH, are also included. Further, for microplastics, results from blank samples are included.

This dataset was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency of the on-site greywater treatment systems and to assess the suitability of the treated water for reuse.

Abstract [sv]

Datasammanställningen som presenteras här innehåller rådata från provtagningar som utfördes vid åtta enskilda anläggningar för behandling av bad-, disk- och tvättvatten (BDT) i Södertälje kommun. Prover togs från tre typer av minireningsverk och en markbädd för BDT rening. Stickprover togs från inkommande och utgående vatten mellan augusti 2020 och december 2021 och analyserades på organisk substans, näringsämnen, indikatorbakterier, anjoniska tensider, salt och (för två av anläggningar) mikroplast. Mätningar på andra parametrar såsom pH och suspenderat material är inkluderade. För mikroplast inkluderas dessutom resultat på blankprover.

Detta dataset har använts för att utvärdera reningseffektiviteten av de enskilda BDT-vattenanläggningarna och för att bedöma om det renade vattnet skulle kunna återanvändas.

Place, publisher, year
Svensk nationell datatjänst (SND), 2023
Keywords
water quality, package plants, matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, pathogens, greywater, package plant, surfactants, microplastics, graywater
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering Environmental Engineering Water Treatment
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95204 (URN)10.5878/1s9z-8f28 (DOI)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2019-01903Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 208-0182-18
Available from: 2023-01-10 Created: 2023-01-10 Last updated: 2024-04-08Bibliographically approved
Müller, A., Österlund, H., Nordqvist, K., Lindfors, S. & Viklander, M. (2023). Organic micropollutants in stormwater runoff from three urban catchments in Sweden: [Micropolluants organiques dans les eaux de ruissellement de trois bassins versants urbains en Suède]. In: : . Paper presented at 11th Novatech international conference, Lyon, France, July 3-7, 2023 (pp. 1-4).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organic micropollutants in stormwater runoff from three urban catchments in Sweden: [Micropolluants organiques dans les eaux de ruissellement de trois bassins versants urbains en Suède]
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Urban runoff is recognised to contribute to the deterioration of surface water quality and previous research pointed out a need to focus on organic micropollutants. This study presents measurements of stormwater quality with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oil, phthalates, alkylphenols, organotin compounds (OTC), polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from three Swedish catchments (two industrial parks and one parking lot). The results showed that all the studied groups of organic micropollutants except for PFAS and PCBs were present in the stormwater. The oil levels were similar in base flow compared to runoff, while other substances had higher concentrations during runoff events compared to base flow. Among the analysed phthalates, DEHP and DINP were those that were detected in concentrations above the analytical reporting limits, of which DINP was the most abundant, with a maximum concentration of 140 μg/L. Among the OTCs, monobutyltin was the most abundant, which was detected in all samples and present in the highest concentrations (up to 270 ng/L). Regarding the different types of runoff studied (rain, snowmelt and rain on snow) no clear differences could be identified by the available body of data.

Abstract [fr]

Il est reconnu que le ruissellement urbain contribue à la détérioration de la qualité des eaux de surface et des recherches antérieures ont souligné la nécessité de se concentrer sur les micropolluants organiques. Cette étude présente des mesures de la qualité des eaux pluviales en ce qui concerne les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, les huiles, les phtalates, les alkylphénols, les composés organostanniques (OTC), les substances polyfluoroalkyles (PFAS) et les polychlorobiphényles (PCB) de trois bassins versants suédois (deux parcs industriels et un parking). Les résultats ont montré que tous les groupes de micropolluants organiques étudiés, à l'exception des PFAS et des PCB, étaient présents dans les eaux pluviales. Les niveaux d'huile étaient similaires dans le flux de base par rapport au ruissellement, tandis que d'autres substances avaient des concentrations plus élevées pendant les événements de ruissellement par rapport au flux de base. Parmi les phtalates analysés, le DEHP et le DINP sont ceux qui ont été détectés à des concentrations supérieures aux limites de déclaration analytique, le DINP étant le plus abondant. Parmi les OTCs, le monobutylétain était le plus abondant, il a été détecté dans tous les échantillons et présent dans les concentrations les plus élevées. En ce qui concerne les différents types de ruissellement étudiés (pluie, fonte des neiges et pluie sur la neige), aucune différence claire n'a pu être identifiée par l'ensemble des données disponibles.

Keywords
Diffuse pollution, Snowmelt quality, Stormwater quality, Urban runoff
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103823 (URN)
Conference
11th Novatech international conference, Lyon, France, July 3-7, 2023
Funder
Swedish WaterVinnova, 2016-05176Swedish Research Council Formas, 942-2016-73
Available from: 2024-01-18 Created: 2024-01-18 Last updated: 2024-03-25Bibliographically approved
Sami, M., Hedström, A., Kvarnström, E. & Herrmann, I. (2023). Quality of greywater from a city district before and after treatment in a green wall. Svensk nationell datatjänst (SND)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quality of greywater from a city district before and after treatment in a green wall
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2023 (English)Data set, Primary data
Alternative title[sv]
Kvalitet på bad-, disk- och tvättvatten (BDT-vatten) från en stadsdel: inkommande och efter behandling i en grön vägg
Abstract [en]

The dataset presented here consists of raw data on the quality of influent greywater generated from a city district with 800 PE (population equivalent) and the effluent quality of greywater after treatment using a green wall. Five natural filter materials (pumice, biochar, hemp fiber, spent coffee ground, and composted fiber soil) were used in the green wall and tested for three hydraulic loading rates (54, 108 and 216 l/m2/d). The influent and effluent samples were taken manually between November 2021 and March 2022 and were analyzed for organic material, nutrients, pathogens, anionic surfactants, salt and microplastics. Supporting parameters e.g. suspended solids and pH, are also included in the dataset. Further, for microplastics, results from blank samples are included. This dataset was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency of the filter materials at different hydraulic loading rates.

Abstract [sv]

Datauppsättningen som presenteras här består av rådata med avseende på kvaliteten på inkommande bad-, disk- och tvättvatten (BDT-vatten), som genereras från en stadsdel med 800 PE (population equivalent), och kvaliteten på BDT-vattnet efter rening i en grön vägg. Fem naturliga filtermaterial (pimpsten, biokol, hampafiber, kaffesump och komposterad fibermull) användes i den gröna väggen och testades för tre hydrauliska belastningshastigheter (54, 108 och 216 l/m2/d). Inflödesproverna och proverna efter behandling i den gröna väggen togs manuellt mellan november 2021 och mars 2022. De analyserades med avseende på innehåll av organiskt material, näringsämnen, patogener, anjoniska tensider, salt och mikroplaster. Stödparametrar, t.ex. suspenderade fasta partiklar och pH, ingår också i datasetet. Vidare, för mikroplaster, ingår resultat från blankprover. Denna datauppsättning användes för att utvärdera behandlingseffektiviteten hos de olika filtermaterialen vid olika hydrauliska belastningshastigheter.

Place, publisher, year
Svensk nationell datatjänst (SND), 2023
Keywords
water quality, phosphorus, microplastics, biochar, nitrogen, pathogens, greywater, surfactants, gråvatten, surfactants, microplastics, vattenkvalitet, fosfor, mikroskräp, biokol, kväve, patogener, gråvatten, surfactants, graywater, tensider, mikroplaster
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-97010 (URN)10.5878/h5w8-ak85 (DOI)
Funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 208-0182-18Swedish Research Council Formas, 2019-01903
Available from: 2023-05-04 Created: 2023-05-04 Last updated: 2024-03-09
Müller, A., Österlund, H., Nordqvist, K., Marsalek, J. & Viklander, M. (2023). Releases of micropollutants from building surface materials into rainwater and snowmelt induced runoff. Chemosphere, 330, Article ID 138730.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Releases of micropollutants from building surface materials into rainwater and snowmelt induced runoff
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2023 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 330, article id 138730Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Building surface materials, exposed to wash-off by rainwater or snowmelt, are recognised as one of the significant urban diffuse pollution sources contributing to the impairment of stormwater quality. The pollution conveyed by roof runoff originates from two potential sources, migration of surface material constituents, or wash-off of pollutants deposited on the surface by atmospheric deposition. This study investigated the releases of metals and several groups of contaminants of emerging concern: alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and phthalates, from commercially available materials, which are commonly used on buildings and structure surfaces in the urban environment. The materials tested included the following: metal sheets of stainless steel, copper, zinc, galvanised steel, corten steel, corrugated and coated steel, coated zinc; and bitumen-based roofing felt and shingles, as well as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from two manufacturers. The stainless steel was considered a control material serving to estimate pollutant contributions deposited on the pilot panels from the surrounding environment. Moreover, this study presents novel data on roof snowmelt induced runoff quality, not reported in the previous literature. The experimental setup consisted of 2-m2 rectangular panels mounted in triplicates of each material and placed in an open-air setting on the campus of Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. Runoff leaving the gently sloping material panels was collected during 11 rain and three snowmelt driven runoff events occurring over a five-year period. The results showed that, in general, the micropollutant concentrations and loads were lower in snowmelt than rain induced runoff, and no decreasing trend was detected in the releases of phthalates or metals during the study period. Moreover, on a yearly basis, copper sheets were estimated to release 0.6 g/m2 Cu to runoff, zinc and galvanised sheets 1.3 and 0.7 g/m2 Zn, respectively, and, PVC sheets were estimated to release up to 78 mg/m2 of diisononyl phthalate (DINP).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023
Keywords
Material ageing, Metals, Nonylphenols, Phthalates, Snowmelt quality, Stormwater quality
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93324 (URN)10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138730 (DOI)000983648700001 ()37080475 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85153053686 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 942-2016-73Vinnova, 2016-05176
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-07-04 (hanlid)

Available from: 2022-09-29 Created: 2022-09-29 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
Kaykhaii, S., Herrmann, I., Hedström, A., Nordqvist, K. & Viklander, M. (2023). Stormwater treatment with ultrafiltration: Characterisation of backwash water: [Traitement des eaux pluviales par ultrafiltration: Caractérisation deseaux de rétrolavage]. In: : . Paper presented at 11th edition of Novatech 2023, July 3-7, 2023, Lyon, France.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stormwater treatment with ultrafiltration: Characterisation of backwash water: [Traitement des eaux pluviales par ultrafiltration: Caractérisation deseaux de rétrolavage]
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Backwash water is an integral part of membrane treatment, normally making up between 2 and 10 % of the clean water production which constitutes a large volume on an industrial scale. To identify suitable treatment or disposal methods for backwash water, it is important to understand the characteristics of the backwash water and what contaminants it contains. In this study, the backwash water from an ultrafiltration membrane process for stormwater treatment was analysed. Concentrations of TSS and TOC were 2.4 and 24 times higher in the backwash water than the influent stormwater. The concentration of particulate and dissolved (<0.45µm) metals in the backwash water was high, for example, the average concentration of total Cu and Cr was 742 ± 215 and 737 ± 243 µg/L. In addition, the average concentration factors for Cu and Cr were 29 ± 9 and 41 ± 15.9. Methods such as coagulation, electrocoagulation and evaporation could be used to further treat backwash water. The residue fraction would contain high concentrations of metals that need to be disposed or could potentially be a good resource for metal recovery in the future.

National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-94306 (URN)
Conference
11th edition of Novatech 2023, July 3-7, 2023, Lyon, France
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2016-20075
Available from: 2022-11-28 Created: 2022-11-28 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
Milovanovic, I., Herrmann, I., Hedström, A., Nordqvist, K., Müller, A. & Viklander, M. (2023). Synthetic stormwater for laboratory testing of filter materials. Environmental technology, 44(11), 1600-1612
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Synthetic stormwater for laboratory testing of filter materials
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2023 (English)In: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487X, Vol. 44, no 11, p. 1600-1612Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Synthetic stormwater was tested to determine the ageing effects on dissolved metal concentrations and used in a column experiment to determine efficiency of four different filter materials (milkweed, bark, peat, polypropylene) in removing total and dissolved metals. Synthetic stormwater was created by adding metal salts, oil and collected stormwater sediment to tap water. Two ageing experiments were performed to determine the change of synthetic stormwater quality over time. One experiment lasted for 11 days and another focused on rapid concentration changes one day after preparation. The one-day ageing experiment showed rapid decrease in dissolved concentration of certain metals, specifically Cu. To consider this change, correction coefficients for each metal were developed and used to estimate the average dissolved metal concentration in the synthetic stormwater during the experiment to determine filter treatment efficiency. During the 11-day experiment on metal concentrations, no noticeable quality changes were observed for at least six days after the preparation of synthetic stormwater. Furthermore, a column experiment was run with duplicate filter columns. Inflow and outflow samples were analysed for total and dissolved metals, turbidity, particle size distribution, and pH. High removal of total metal concentrations was noticed in all tested filter media (58-94%). Dissolved metal concentration removal varied among different filter media. In general, columns with bark and peat media were able to treat dissolved metals better than polypropylene and milkweed. The level of treatment of dissolved metals between the different filter media columns were bark > peat > milkweed > polypropylene.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2023
Keywords
stormwater filters, column test, metals, sediment, stormwater ageing
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83876 (URN)10.1080/09593330.2021.2008516 (DOI)000733679200001 ()34839790 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85121767957 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-06-30 (joosat);

Artikeln har tidigare förekommit som manuskript i avhandling.

Licens fulltext: CC BY-NC-ND License

Available from: 2021-04-21 Created: 2021-04-21 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
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