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Publications (10 of 71) Show all publications
Grip, C.-E. (2015). BioDRI: Skogen möter stålet: Förgasa biomassa. Använd gasen för att göra järn (DRI) (ed.). Paper presented at Gasdagarna 2015 : jubileumsår, vi firar 100 år 27/05/2015 - 28/05/2015. Paper presented at Gasdagarna 2015 : jubileumsår, vi firar 100 år 27/05/2015 - 28/05/2015.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>BioDRI: Skogen möter stålet: Förgasa biomassa. Använd gasen för att göra järn (DRI)
2015 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

•Processkedja i stort, projektstruktur, parter•WP1: Försörjning: hur får vi fram biomassan•WP2: Förgasningsprocess, Pilotförsök m.m.•WP3: Reduktionsprocesser•WP4: Hela kedjan•Diskussion och slutsatser

National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-30928 (URN)4f1ef7f6-c832-437c-b586-df1637e926c3 (Local ID)4f1ef7f6-c832-437c-b586-df1637e926c3 (Archive number)4f1ef7f6-c832-437c-b586-df1637e926c3 (OAI)
Conference
Gasdagarna 2015 : jubileumsår, vi firar 100 år 27/05/2015 - 28/05/2015
Note
Godkänd; 2015; 20150811 (cargri)Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-30 Last updated: 2023-09-06Bibliographically approved
Grip, C.-E., Salman, H., Ritzen, O., Andersson, L. I., Tottie, M., Robisnsson, R., . . . Östman, M. (2015). BioODRI: forestry meets steel: A techno-economic study on us of biomass gasification to produce a gas sutiable for production of CO2 lean iron (ed.). In: (Ed.), : . Paper presented at European Biomass Conference and Exhibition : 01/06/2015 - 04/06/2015.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>BioODRI: forestry meets steel: A techno-economic study on us of biomass gasification to produce a gas sutiable for production of CO2 lean iron
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2015 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A major part of the world’s iron production is presently using fossil reductants. The climate effect would be improved if renewable raw material could be used instead. One way could be to gasify biomass and use the gas to produce DRI (Direct reduced Iron). This is studied in a cooperative project. LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the areas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas are involved. The production chain Biomass production and distribution-Gasification-DRI production-DRI use is investigated in four work packages: WP1: Biomass supply, WP2: Gasification, WP3: Metallurgical processes and WP4: Process integration. The paper will focus on the studies and modeling of biomass supply, harvesting and transport and gasification as well as on the system studies. The use of the gas in the metallurgical application is briefly described as background.

National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering; Attractive built environment (AERI); Renewable energy (AERI); Sustainable transportation (AERI)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-38457 (URN)cdda0d8d-781e-4cfb-a5e5-3a20518301ac (Local ID)cdda0d8d-781e-4cfb-a5e5-3a20518301ac (Archive number)cdda0d8d-781e-4cfb-a5e5-3a20518301ac (OAI)
Conference
European Biomass Conference and Exhibition : 01/06/2015 - 04/06/2015
Note

Godkänd; 2015; 20150811 (cargri)

Available from: 2016-10-03 Created: 2016-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-07Bibliographically approved
Grip, C.-E., Toffolo, A., Östman, M., Sandberg, E. & Orre, J. (2015). Forestry meets Steel. A system study of the possibility to produce DRI (directly Reduced Iron) using gasified biomass. (ed.). In: (Ed.), ECOS 2015: 28th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems. Paper presented at International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems : 29/06/2015 - 03/07/2015. International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Forestry meets Steel. A system study of the possibility to produce DRI (directly Reduced Iron) using gasified biomass.
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2015 (English)In: ECOS 2015: 28th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems , 2015Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The main production of primary Iron from ore is now made by reduction using fossil reductants, either by producing hot metal in the blast furnace process or as directly reduced iron with natural gas as most common reductant. The climate gas impact would be improved if at least part of the reductants could be produced from Biomass. One possibility could be to use gasified Biomass to produce DRI (Directly Reduced Iron). This is studied in a cooperative project where LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the areas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas are involved. The investigation is made in four parts where the first one is on the supply of biomass. A large amount of Biomass has to be delivered into a single site to exchange a large amount of fossil reductant. Also, forestry by-products should be used as most of the round wood is reserved for other uses. Harvesting, logistics and economics are considered. The second part is on the gasification of the biomass, where the aim is to use to produce hot gas that can be used directly. Pilot experiments are carried out using oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier. The third part is on the metallurgical processes, where reduction tests are carried out with gas that can be produced in the gasifier. The limitations of the gas content are studied as well as the effect on DRI. Also the suitability of the DRI product is evaluated. The fourth part of the project uses process integration to model the whole process chain. The results from the other project parts are used to build the system model. It is then used for technical economic optimization the whole system harvesting-transport-gasifier-direct reduction-use of DRI. The first use of the system model has been to find the best supply road (harvesting, pretreatment and transport) for a chosen production case The simulations indicated that the supply of residuals is possible but will need material from a large part of the north Sweden wood area, and that a relatively large amount of gas recirculation is needed. The continuing work is focused on further development of the optimization tool and the use of it for more extensive studies of the trade-off between parameters of metallurgy, gasification and supply. The result can be important for evaluation of future industrial applications. It could also help in understanding the effect of governmental control instruments. The paper will mainly focus on the process integration study.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, 2015
Keywords
Energy, Biomass, Gasification, Iron making. DRI, Process Integration, System Models
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering; Attractive built environment (AERI); Renewable energy (AERI); Sustainable transportation (AERI)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-30290 (URN)40d77cfd-9154-44d7-adef-2c11fb6ad4f1 (Local ID)9782955553909 (ISBN)40d77cfd-9154-44d7-adef-2c11fb6ad4f1 (Archive number)40d77cfd-9154-44d7-adef-2c11fb6ad4f1 (OAI)
Conference
International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems : 29/06/2015 - 03/07/2015
Note

Godkänd; 2015; 20150811 (cargri)

Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-30 Last updated: 2022-10-07Bibliographically approved
Grip, C.-E., Toffolo, A., Salman, H., Andersson, L. I., Ritzen, O., Tottie, M., . . . Sandberg, E. (2015). Forestry meets Steel. A Technoeconomic study of the possible DRI production using biomass (ed.). In: (Ed.), : . Paper presented at European Steel Technology and Application Days : METEC 16/06/2015 - 19/06/2015.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Forestry meets Steel. A Technoeconomic study of the possible DRI production using biomass
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2015 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The possibility to produce DRI using gasified Biomass is studied in a cooperative project. LTU, MEFOS, ETC and five industries in the areas forestry & pulp, mining, iron and gas are involved. The production chain Biomass production and distribution -Gasification-DRI production-DRI use is investigated in four work packages:WP1: Biomass supply: A large amount of Biomass has to be delivered into a single site to exchange a large amount of fossil reductant. It is important to use forestry by- products as a major part of round wood is reserved for other uses. Harvesting, logistics and economics have to be considered. Available data were collected and used to make a system model on harvesting treatment and transport. The simulations indicated that the supply of residuals is possible but will need material from a large part of the north Sweden wood area. WP2: Gasification. The aim is to use to produce hot gas that can be used directly. Pilot experiments are carried out using oxygen in an entrained flow gasifier. WP3: Metallurgical processes. Reduction tests are carried out with gas that can be produced in the gasifier. The limitations of the gas content are studied as well as the effect on DRI. Also the suitability of the DRI product is evaluated WP4: Process integration. A system model is built using the results from work packages 1-3 and used for technical economic optimization the whole system harvesting-transport-gasifier-direct reduction- use of DRI. The process chain is technically possible; however there are problems to be solved, e.g., gas quality vs. demands from DRI process, Biomass supply and logistics. The result is important to evaluate for industrial application, but also to get information of the effect of different governmental control instruments.

Keywords
Green steel, BioDRI, Logistics, System study, Biomass gasification, substitution of fossil coal
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering; Attractive built environment (AERI); Renewable energy (AERI); Sustainable transportation (AERI); Intelligent industrial processes (AERI)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-28242 (URN)1f6a23da-455d-4892-87e3-1d20795bbd35 (Local ID)1f6a23da-455d-4892-87e3-1d20795bbd35 (Archive number)1f6a23da-455d-4892-87e3-1d20795bbd35 (OAI)
Conference
European Steel Technology and Application Days : METEC 16/06/2015 - 19/06/2015
Note

Godkänd; 2015; 20150811 (cargri)

Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-30 Last updated: 2022-10-07Bibliographically approved
Liu, H., Saffaripour, M., Mellin, P., Grip, C.-E., Yang, W. & Blasiak, W. (2014). A thermodynamic study of hot syngas impurities in steel reheating furnaces: Corrosion and interaction with oxide scales (ed.). Energy, 77, 352-361
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A thermodynamic study of hot syngas impurities in steel reheating furnaces: Corrosion and interaction with oxide scales
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2014 (English)In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 77, p. 352-361Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Environmental concerns lead industries to implement gasified biomass (syngas) as a promising fuel in steel reheating furnaces. The impurities of syngas as well as a combination with iron oxide scale form complex mixtures with low melting points, and might cause corrosion on steel slabs. In this paper, the effects of syngas impurities are thermodynamically investigated, when scale formation on the steel slabs surface simultaneously takes place. A steel reheating furnace can be divided into preheating, heating, and soaking zones where the temperature of a steel slab changes respectively. Therefore, the thermodynamic calculation is performed at different temperatures to predict the fate of impurities. Then, the stable species are connected with respective zones in a reheating furnace. It is concluded that reactions due to alkali compounds, chloride, and particulate matter could take place on steel slabs. In the low temperature range, interaction of sodium chloride occured with pure iron prior to scale formation. Then, at high temperature the reactions of impurities are notable with iron oxides due to scale growing. Furthermore, the multicomponent reactions with syngas impurities showed that most of alkali contents evaporate at first stages, and only small amounts of them remain in slag at high temperature.

National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-11202 (URN)10.1016/j.energy.2014.08.092 (DOI)000346542500040 ()2-s2.0-84909646337 (Scopus ID)a1e06d99-0137-4c53-a720-6583cbd292b6 (Local ID)a1e06d99-0137-4c53-a720-6583cbd292b6 (Archive number)a1e06d99-0137-4c53-a720-6583cbd292b6 (OAI)
Note
Validerad; 2014; 20141022 (andbra)Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2018-07-10Bibliographically approved
Mesfun, S., Lundgren, J., Grip, C.-E., Toffolo, A., Kudahettige-Nilsson, R. & Rova, U. (2014). Black liquor fractionation for biofuels production: A techno-economic assessment (ed.). Bioresource Technology, 166, 508-517
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Black liquor fractionation for biofuels production: A techno-economic assessment
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2014 (English)In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 166, p. 508-517Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The hemicelluloses fraction of black liquor is an underutilized resource in many chemical pulp mills. It is possible to extract and separate the lignin and hemicelluloses from the black liquor and use the hemicelluloses for biochemical conversion into biofuels and chemicals. Precipitation of the lignin from the black liquor would consequently decrease the thermal load on the recovery boiler, which is often referred to as a bottleneck for increased pulp production. The objective of this work is to techno-economically evaluate the production of sodium-free lignin as a solid fuel and butanol to be used as fossil gasoline replacement by fractionating black liquor. The hydrolysis and fermentation processes are modeled in Aspen Plus to analyze energy and material balances as well as to evaluate the plant economics. A mathematical model of an existing pulp and paper mill is used to analyze the effects on the energy performance of the mill subprocesses.

National Category
Energy Engineering Bioprocess Technology
Research subject
Energy Engineering; Biochemical Process Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-15033 (URN)10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.062 (DOI)000338711100066 ()24950095 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84902440727 (Scopus ID)e7e17be6-d447-4162-bba8-f0556f074a69 (Local ID)e7e17be6-d447-4162-bba8-f0556f074a69 (Archive number)e7e17be6-d447-4162-bba8-f0556f074a69 (OAI)
Note
Validerad; 2014; 20140603 (andbra)Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2018-07-10Bibliographically approved
Grip, C.-E., Isaksson, J., Harvey, S. & Nilsson, L. (2013). Application of pinch analysis in an integrated steel plant in northern Sweden (ed.). ISIJ International, 53(7), 1202-1210
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Application of pinch analysis in an integrated steel plant in northern Sweden
2013 (English)In: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 53, no 7, p. 1202-1210Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The energy system in a modern integrated steel plant is a complicated network of units exchanging energy and matter with each other. System studies using process integration tools are important to avoid sub-optimization. At the steel plant in Luleå such studies have been carried out using a MILP-based mathematical programming tool (reMIND), mainly because of its inherent flexibility for handling combined flows and reactions of both matter and chemical, thermal and mechanical energy. There are, however, areas where the energy system is dominated by creation, transport and exchange of thermal energy, and where pinch analysis can be expected to be a valuable tool. For this reason a pinch targeting study was carried out for the plant site of the integrated steel plant in Luleå. The coke plant and the iron making/steelmaking plant were both studied with three ambition levels of possible improvements. The study confirmed that pinch analysis is a powerful tool for targeting energy savings in areas where thermal energy flows dominate the local energy system, e.g., the gas cleaning area at the coke plant. The study also indicated that a connection between the energy systems in the coke plant and the iron making/steelmaking would be valuable. This is not 100% feasible because of distance, but, a common steam net could add a degree of flexibility.

Keywords
pinch analysis, energy efficiency, integrated steel plantag, process integration, system optimization, rest energy
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-9486 (URN)10.2355/isijinternational.53.1202 (DOI)000322208600014 ()2-s2.0-84883244154 (Scopus ID)82101a0c-edef-4ff6-9818-db7e55f110dc (Local ID)82101a0c-edef-4ff6-9818-db7e55f110dc (Archive number)82101a0c-edef-4ff6-9818-db7e55f110dc (OAI)
Note

Validerad; 2013; 20130527 (cargri)

Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2022-09-01Bibliographically approved
Andersson, J.-O., Elfgren, E. & Grip, C.-E. (2013). Improved energy efficiency in juice production through waste heat recycling (ed.). In: (Ed.), International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2013: . Paper presented at International Conference on Applied Energy : Energy Solution for a Sustainable World 01/07/2013 - 05/07/2013. , Article ID ICAE2013-514.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Improved energy efficiency in juice production through waste heat recycling
2013 (Swedish)In: International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2013, 2013, article id ICAE2013-514Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The global demand for Nordic wild berries has increased steadily, partly due to their healthy properties and their good taste. Juice concentrate is produced by pressing berries and heating up the juice. The by-products are berry skins and seeds. Traditionally, the by-products have been composted. Higher competiveness can be achieved by decreasing the production cost and increasing the product values. The berry skins and seeds have a commercial value since they are rich in vitamins and nutrients. To use and sell these by-products, they need to be separated from each other and dried to a moisture content of less than 10 %wt. A berry juice industry in the north of Sweden has been studied in order to increase the energy and resource efficiency and optimize the quality and yield of different berry fractions. This was done by means of process integration with thermodynamics and psychrometry along with measurements of the berry juice production processes. Our calculations show that the drying system could be operated at full without any external heat supply. This could be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the dryer by recirculating 80 % of the drying air and by heating the air with heat from the flue gases from the industrial boiler. This change would decrease the need for heat in the dryer with about 64 %. The total heat use for the plant could thereby be decreased from 1204 kW to 1039 kW. The proposed changes could be done without compromising the production quality or the lead time.

Keywords
renewable energy resources, psychrometrics, thermodynamic, drying, pinch analys
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-36993 (URN)add3b9bb-6da2-4d22-bfff-e78c64e19b15 (Local ID)add3b9bb-6da2-4d22-bfff-e78c64e19b15 (Archive number)add3b9bb-6da2-4d22-bfff-e78c64e19b15 (OAI)
Conference
International Conference on Applied Energy : Energy Solution for a Sustainable World 01/07/2013 - 05/07/2013
Note

Godkänd; 2013; Bibliografisk uppgift: Konferensbidrag, finns omskrivet till en journal artikel; 20130613 (janand)

Available from: 2016-10-03 Created: 2016-10-03 Last updated: 2022-10-12Bibliographically approved
Lundgren, J., Ekbom, T., Hulteberg, C., Larsson, M., Grip, C.-E., Nilsson, L. K. & Tunå, P. (2013). Methanol production from steel-work off-gases and biomass based synthesis gas (ed.). Paper presented at International Conference on Applied Energy : 05/07/2012 - 08/07/2012. Applied Energy, 112, 431-439
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Methanol production from steel-work off-gases and biomass based synthesis gas
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2013 (English)In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 112, p. 431-439Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Off-gases generated during steelmaking are to a large extent used as fuels in process units within the plant. The surplus gases are commonly supplied to a plant for combined heat and power production. The main objective of this study has been to techno-economically investigate the feasibility of an innovative way of producing methanol from these off-gases, thereby upgrading the economic value of the gases. Cases analyzed have included both off-gases only and mixes with synthesis gas, based on 300 MWth of biomass. The SSAB steel plant in the town of Luleå, Sweden has been used as a basis. The studied biomass gasification technology is based on a fluidized-bed gasification technology, where the production capacity is determined from case to case coupled to the heat production required to satisfy the local district heating demand. Critical factors are the integration of the gases with availability to the synthesis unit, to balance the steam system of the biorefinery and to meet the district heat demand of Luleå. The annual production potential of methanol, the overall energy efficiency, the methanol production cost and the environmental effect have been assessed for each case. Depending on case, in the range of 102,000–287,000 ton of methanol can be produced per year at production costs in the range of 0.80–1.1 EUR per liter petrol equivalent at assumed conditions. The overall energy efficiency of the plant increases in all the cases, up to nearly 14%-units on an annual average, due to a more effective utilization of the off-gases. The main conclusion is that integrating methanol production in a steel plant can be made economically feasible and may result in environmental benefits as well as energy efficiency improvements.

National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-27207 (URN)10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.010 (DOI)000329377800043 ()2-s2.0-84884211283 (Scopus ID)0918e3c6-f2fa-4742-beba-a1f7a6967d5b (Local ID)0918e3c6-f2fa-4742-beba-a1f7a6967d5b (Archive number)0918e3c6-f2fa-4742-beba-a1f7a6967d5b (OAI)
Conference
International Conference on Applied Energy : 05/07/2012 - 08/07/2012
Note

Validerad; 2013; 20130404 (ysko); Konferensartikel i tidskrift

Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-30 Last updated: 2023-09-11Bibliographically approved
Grip, C.-E., Larsson, M., Harvey, S. & Nilsson, L. (2013). Process integration. Tests and application of different tools on an integrated steelmaking site (ed.). Applied Thermal Engineering, 53(2), 366-372
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Process integration. Tests and application of different tools on an integrated steelmaking site
2013 (English)In: Applied Thermal Engineering, ISSN 1359-4311, E-ISSN 1873-5606, Vol. 53, no 2, p. 366-372Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The energy network in Luleå consists of the steel plant, heat and power production and district heating. Global system studies are necessary to avoid sub-optimization and to deliver energy and/or material efficiency. SSAB began work with global simulation models in 1978. After that several more specialized process integration tools have been tested and used: Mathematical programming using a MILP method, exergy analysis and Pinch analysis. Experiences and examples of results with the different methods are given and discussed. Mathematical programming has been useful to study problems involving the total system with streams of different types of energy and material and reaction between them. Exergy is useful to describe energy problems involving different types of energy, e.g. systematic analysis of rest energies. Pinch analysis has been used especially on local systems with streams of heat energy and heat exchange between them.

Keywords
Process integration, Mathematical programming, Pinch analysis, Exergy, Energy efficiency
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-3035 (URN)10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.040 (DOI)000319719800024 ()2-s2.0-85027952349 (Scopus ID)0c9b7811-beae-4a82-856e-d8a15c17c4bc (Local ID)0c9b7811-beae-4a82-856e-d8a15c17c4bc (Archive number)0c9b7811-beae-4a82-856e-d8a15c17c4bc (OAI)
Note

Validerad; 2013; 20120413 (ysko)

Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2022-09-01Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8247-8320

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