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Yi, C., Johansson, D., Wimmer, M., Nordqvist, A., Greberg, J. & Rodriguez San Miguel, C. (2024). Numerical Simulation of Gravity Flow in Sublevel Caving Based on Polyhedron DEM. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 41(1), 91-98
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Numerical Simulation of Gravity Flow in Sublevel Caving Based on Polyhedron DEM
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2024 (English)In: Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, ISSN 2524-3462, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 91-98Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The gravity flow behavior of blasted ore and caved waste in sublevel caving (SLC) mines is complex. The shape of fragmented ore and caved waste is identified as one of the principal factors influencing the gravity flow of ore. To investigate the effect of the particle shapes on the gravity flow, a code was developed to generate polyhedral fragments in different shapes and divide them into internal elements. Then these fragments were imported in the LS-DYNA code to generate SLC models containing blasted ore and caved waste and model the extraction process. To model the non-continuous loading process, the gravity flow was considered to be an intermittent process by setting a switcher at the extraction point. The flow behavior of ore from the numerical modeling is in agreement with the experimental results. The cumulative dilution of ore by waste is up to around 30%, which agrees with the results of the field survey.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Cumulative dilution, Gravity flow, Polyhedron DEM, Sublevel caving
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering; Centre - Centre for Advanced Mining & Metallurgy (CAMM)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103469 (URN)10.1007/s42461-023-00903-1 (DOI)001129278500001 ()2-s2.0-85180172471 (Scopus ID)
Projects
I2mine
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-02-23 (hanlid);

Funder: 7th Framework Programme, EU;

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-01-04 Created: 2024-01-04 Last updated: 2024-03-07Bibliographically approved
Rodriguez San Miguel, C., Petropoulos, N., Stenman, U. & Johansson, D. (2024). The environmental impact of AN prills on emulsion explosives. In: Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique: . Paper presented at ISEE 50th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Savannah, GA, United States, January 25-27, 2024. International Society of Explosives Engineers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The environmental impact of AN prills on emulsion explosives
2024 (English)In: Proceedings of the Fiftieth Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, International Society of Explosives Engineers , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Society of Explosives Engineers, 2024
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering; Centre - Swedish Blasting Research Centre (SWEBREC)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104366 (URN)
Conference
ISEE 50th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Savannah, GA, United States, January 25-27, 2024
Projects
Reduced environmental impact and promote safety during blasting – RENIS
Funder
Vinnova
Available from: 2024-02-22 Created: 2024-02-22 Last updated: 2024-02-23Bibliographically approved
San Miguel, C. R., Petropoulos, N., Stenman, U., Yi, C. & Johansson, D. (2023). Development of a methodology for measuring crack growth by blasting using non-contact techniques. In: Holmberg, R. et al. (Ed.), 12th World Conference on Explosives and Blasting: Dublin Conference Proceedings 2023: . Paper presented at EFEE 12th World Conference on Explosives and Blasting, Dublin, Ireland, September 9-12, 2023 (pp. 45-54). European Federation of Explosives Engineers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of a methodology for measuring crack growth by blasting using non-contact techniques
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2023 (English)In: 12th World Conference on Explosives and Blasting: Dublin Conference Proceedings 2023 / [ed] Holmberg, R. et al., European Federation of Explosives Engineers , 2023, , p. 45-54p. 45-54Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
European Federation of Explosives Engineers, 2023. p. 45-54
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering; Centre - Swedish Blasting Research Centre (SWEBREC)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101765 (URN)
Conference
EFEE 12th World Conference on Explosives and Blasting, Dublin, Ireland, September 9-12, 2023
Funder
Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo), 427
Note

ISBN for host publication: 978-0-9550290-8-0

Available from: 2023-10-24 Created: 2023-10-24 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Yi, C., Iravani, A., Gómez, S., Johansson, D., Schunnesson, H. & Wimmer, M. (2023). Voronoi-based numerical investigation of fragmentation and gravity flow of SLC. In: : . Paper presented at ISEE 49th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Sant Antonio, Texas, USA, February 4-8, 2023.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Voronoi-based numerical investigation of fragmentation and gravity flow of SLC
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2023 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101614 (URN)
Conference
ISEE 49th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Sant Antonio, Texas, USA, February 4-8, 2023
Projects
illuMINEation
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 869379Luleå University of Technology
Note

Funder: Swedish Mining innovation (SMI); LKAB Stiftels, Centre of Advanced Mining & Metallurgy (CAMM3); Swedish blasting research centre (Swebrec)

Available from: 2023-10-10 Created: 2023-10-10 Last updated: 2024-02-05Bibliographically approved
Varannai, B., Johansson, D. & Schunnesson, H. (2022). Crusher to Mill Transportation Time Calculation—The Aitik Case. Minerals, 12(2), Article ID 147.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Crusher to Mill Transportation Time Calculation—The Aitik Case
2022 (English)In: Minerals, E-ISSN 2075-163X, Vol. 12, no 2, article id 147Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Comminution is a major contributor to the production costs in a mining operation. There-fore, process optimization in comminution can significantly improve cost efficiency. The mine-to-mill concept can be utilized to optimize the comminution chain from blasting to grinding. In order to evaluate the mill performance of the ore from a specific location of the deposit, a direct link needs to be established between the mill performance and the place of origin in the mine. Today, technology enables the accurate positioning of drilling, loading, and dumping points in the mine, making the ore flow between loading and crushing more transparent. However, the material flow from the crusher to the mill is not yet fully understood and monitored. This paper presents the development of an ore transportation model, based on the virtual silo concept, between the crusher and the mill for Boliden’s Aitik mine in northern Sweden. The proposed model helps to establish a link between in situ ore location and mill performance. Two transportation time calculations are used, one based on mass balance, and one based on momentary values. Historical data are used to test the capabilities of the model and the results are compared with the transportation time calculated from the mean capacity values, commonly used in previous studies to connect mill parameters with in situ ore location. The comparison of the results show that the mean parameter-based values can be as much as 50% lower than the transportation times, even in normal operation. In the tested times, the transportation time based on momentary values systematically underestimated the cumulated times. The developed model will also serve as a starting point to analyze the effect of geotechnical parameters, in addition to drill and blast design, on the mill performance of the blasted ore.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
Aitik mine, Mine-to-mill, Ore transport, Virtual silo
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-89305 (URN)10.3390/min12020147 (DOI)000764340400001 ()2-s2.0-85123384252 (Scopus ID)
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Energy AgencySwedish Research Council Formas
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-02-16 (joosat)

Available from: 2022-02-16 Created: 2022-02-16 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Yi, C., Johansson, D., Petropoulos, N. & Schunnesson, H. (2022). Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Jointing on Fragmentation. In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique: . Paper presented at 48th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Las Vegas, USA, January 28 - February 2, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Jointing on Fragmentation
2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101615 (URN)
Conference
48th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique, Las Vegas, USA, January 28 - February 2, 2022
Projects
illuMINEation
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 869379Luleå University of TechnologyIngaBritt and Arne Lundberg’s Research Foundation
Note

Funder: Centre of Advanced Mining & Metallurgy (CAMM3); Swedish blasting research centre (Swebrec)

Available from: 2023-10-10 Created: 2023-10-10 Last updated: 2024-02-06Bibliographically approved
Yi, C., Johansson, D., Wimmer, M., Nordqvist, A. & Rodriguez San Miguel, C. (2022). Numerical modelling of fragmentation by blasting and gravity flow in sublevel caving mines. In: Yves Potvin (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving: Caving 2022. Paper presented at Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving (Caving 2022), Adelaide, Australia, August 30 - September 1, 2022 (pp. 963-974). Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Numerical modelling of fragmentation by blasting and gravity flow in sublevel caving mines
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2022 (English)In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving: Caving 2022 / [ed] Yves Potvin, Australian Centre for Geomechanics , 2022, Vol. 2, p. 963-974Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2022
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101616 (URN)10.36487/ACG_repo/2205_66 (DOI)
Conference
Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving (Caving 2022), Adelaide, Australia, August 30 - September 1, 2022
Note

Funder: Swedish Mining innovation (SMI); LKAB Stiftelse; The Centre of Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM3) at the Luleå University of Technology;

ISBN ofr host publication:  978-0-6450938-3-4;

Available from: 2023-10-10 Created: 2023-10-10 Last updated: 2024-02-23Bibliographically approved
Manzoor, S., Danielsson, M., Söderström, E., Schunnesson, H., Gustafson, A., Fredriksson, H. & Johansson, D. (2022). Predicting rock fragmentation based on drill monitoring: A case study from Malmberget mine, Sweden. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 122(3), 155-165
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Predicting rock fragmentation based on drill monitoring: A case study from Malmberget mine, Sweden
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2022 (English)In: Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, ISSN 2225-6253, E-ISSN 2411-9717, Vol. 122, no 3, p. 155-165Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Fragmentation analysis is an essential part of the optimization process in any mining operation. The costs of loading, hauling, and crushing the rock are strongly influenced by the size distribution of the blasted rock. Several direct and indirect methods are used to analyse or predict fragmentation, but none is entirely applicable to fragmentation assessment in sublevel caving mines, mainly because of the limitations imposed by the underground environment and the lack of all the required data to adequately describe the rock mass. Over the past few years, measurement while drilling (MWD) data has emerged as a potential tool to provide more information about the in-situ rock mass. This research investigated if MWD can be used to predict rock fragmentation in sublevel caving. The MWD data obtained from a sublevel caving mine in northern Sweden were used to find the relationship between rock fragmentation and the nature of the rock mass. The loading operation of the mine was filmed for more than 12 months to capture images of loaded load-haul-dump (LHD) buckets. The blasted material in those buckets was classified into four categories based on the median particle size (X50). The results showed a strongercorrelation for fine and medium fragmented material with rock type (MWD data) than coarser material. The paper presents a model for prediction of fragmentation, which concludes that it is possible to use MWD data for fragmentation predict ion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Southern African Institute of Minning and Metallurgy, 2022
Keywords
rock fragmentation, measurement while drilling, quick rating system, partial least squares regression, sublevel caving
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80805 (URN)10.17159/2411-9717/1587/2022 (DOI)000785742700007 ()2-s2.0-85131238807 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Energy AgencyEU, Horizon 2020, 869379
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-04-07 (hanlid);

Funder: Centre for Advanced Mining and Metallurgy (CAMM2), Luleå University of Technology

Available from: 2020-09-16 Created: 2020-09-16 Last updated: 2024-02-16Bibliographically approved
Manzoor, S., Gustafson, A., Johansson, D. & Schunnesson, H. (2022). Rock fragmentation variations with increasing extraction ratio in sublevel caving: a case study. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 36(3), 159-173
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rock fragmentation variations with increasing extraction ratio in sublevel caving: a case study
2022 (English)In: International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, ISSN 1748-0930, E-ISSN 1748-0949, Vol. 36, no 3, p. 159-173Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Variations in rock fragmentation are very likely to occur in a sublevel-caving operation. This study conducted a comprehensive test in an iron ore mine to monitor rock fragmentation. The results show a clear trend in fragmentation variations from start to end of production from a ring. These variations suggest an increase in coarse and oversized fragments with increasing material extraction from the rings that can be linked to increased overburden and drill hole deviations in the upper part of the rings. These problems can be addressed by shortening the drill hole length or directional drilling but need further investigations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2022
Keywords
extraction ratio, quick rating system, Rock fragmentation, sublevel caving
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-88934 (URN)10.1080/17480930.2021.2000826 (DOI)000736802800001 ()2-s2.0-85122511409 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-01-28 (johcin)

Available from: 2022-01-26 Created: 2022-01-26 Last updated: 2023-04-20Bibliographically approved
Chen, M., Wei, D., Yi, C., Lu, W. & Johansson, D. (2021). Failure mechanism of rock mass in bench blasting based on structural dynamics. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80(9), 6841-6861
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Failure mechanism of rock mass in bench blasting based on structural dynamics
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2021 (English)In: Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, ISSN 1435-9529, E-ISSN 1435-9537, Vol. 80, no 9, p. 6841-6861Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study establishes a multiple degrees-of-freedom structural dynamics analytical model to analyse the influence mechanism of different factors on blasting tight bottom and shape of muckpile. The structural displacement response and distribution of internal forces in the bench rock mass are analysed based on several factors including blasting parameters, explosion load, initiation condition, and geological condition. In addition, the structural failure characteristics of the bench rock mass are studied based on a rock strength criterion. The results indicate that the explosive load strength determines the internal forces of the bench rock mass. The use of blasting parameters with large borehole spacing and small row spacing can increase the internal force and deformation of the bench rock and enhance the effect of the breaking and throwing of rock mass. In addition, the strengthening of the lithology of the bottom rocks or weakening of the lithology of the middle rocks can make destroying the bottom rock mass more difficult and increase the probability of blasting tight bottom formation. Adjusting the initiation point to below the weak-lithology segment of the bench can enhance the internal force and displacement of the bottom rock mass, to improve the blasting effect and avoid blasting tight bottom formation. Combined with the bench blasting field test of the Changjiu limestone mine, it verifies the results of the theoretical analysis of the bench blasting rock mass destruction based on structural dynamics. The results can be used as the theoretical basis and technical support for improving the bench blasting effect. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
Bench blasting, Failure, Mining, Rock mass, Structural dynamics
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86469 (URN)10.1007/s10064-021-02324-0 (DOI)000669179500003 ()2-s2.0-85109275261 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-09-01 (alebob);

Forskningsfinansiär: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51979205, 51779193)

Available from: 2021-07-27 Created: 2021-07-27 Last updated: 2021-08-30Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5165-4229

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