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Zhang, Ping
Publications (10 of 48) Show all publications
Zou, Y. & Zhang, P. (2023). Assessment of energy release and redistribution on excavation instabilities for underground mining. In: Schubert, W.; Kluckner, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 15th International ISRM Congress 2023  on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering & 72nd Geomechanics Colloquium: Challenges in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. Paper presented at 15th International ISRM Congress & 72nd Geomechanics Colloquium 2023, Salzburg, Austria, October 9-14, 2023 (pp. 313-318). Austrian Society for Geomechanics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessment of energy release and redistribution on excavation instabilities for underground mining
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the 15th International ISRM Congress 2023  on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering & 72nd Geomechanics Colloquium: Challenges in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering / [ed] Schubert, W.; Kluckner, A., Austrian Society for Geomechanics , 2023, p. 313-318Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Austrian Society for Geomechanics, 2023
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-102526 (URN)
Conference
15th International ISRM Congress & 72nd Geomechanics Colloquium 2023, Salzburg, Austria, October 9-14, 2023
Projects
Destressing strategies for mining under highly stressed conditions in the deep mines of SwedenStrategies to manage seismic risks at great depth in LKAB’s underground mines with a novel mining layout
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-04459
Note

Funder: LKAB (SUM-SP5); Stiftelsen Hjalmar Lundbohms minnesfond (LTU-3613-2022)

ISBN for host publication: 978-3-9503898-3-8

Available from: 2023-11-20 Created: 2023-11-20 Last updated: 2023-12-04Bibliographically approved
Zhang, P. & Eriksson, F. (2023). Assessment of static performance of welded mesh along mesh overlap used at Kiirunavaara mine. In: Lauri Uotinen, Erik Johansson (Ed.), IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: . Paper presented at EUROCK 2022 - Rock and Fracture Mechanics in Rock Engineering and Mining, September 11-15, 2022 Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Physics (IOP), 1124(1), Article ID 012093.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessment of static performance of welded mesh along mesh overlap used at Kiirunavaara mine
2023 (English)In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science / [ed] Lauri Uotinen, Erik Johansson, Institute of Physics (IOP) , 2023, Vol. 1124, no 1, article id 012093Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Localized failure of mesh, i.e., the mesh was cut or torn by rock blocks as a result of a seismic event, was observed at LKAB's Kiirunavaara mine. This is especially common along mesh overlap where mesh sheets are joined together. However, the performance of welded mesh along mesh overlap is not well understood. A series of tests was conducted at the laboratory at Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. The tested mesh sheets are made of 5.5 mm diameter wires welded along orthogonal directions spaced on a grid of 75 mm by 75 mm. The mesh sheet(s) was placed on a steel rig and fixed with bolts with spacing of 1.0 m by 1.0 m. A 300 mm loading plate made of concrete was placed underneath the mesh and pull/push load was applied on the mesh through the plate. For comparison purpose, the loading plate was placed at the mesh center following a dice five pattern as well as in the middle between two bolts (overlap position). The force-displacement curves of different test configurations were measured and failure modes of the mesh were observed. Laboratory test results show that the load-carrying and deformation capacity of the mesh is highly dependent on the load spreading and loading position relative to the holding points. When the mesh overlap was loaded, it shows: i) the highest stiffness; ii) the highest rupture load; iii) lower residual load-carrying capacity; and iv) the lowest deformation capacity. Two failure modes were observed in the conducted tests. Heat affected zone failure is the most common one and the second is the tensile failure along wires. Based on the laboratory results, an optimized mesh layout and bolting pattern was suggested for the Swedish underground mines.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Physics (IOP), 2023
Series
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, ISSN 1755-1307, E-ISSN 1755-1315
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95533 (URN)10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012093 (DOI)2-s2.0-85146549726 (Scopus ID)
Conference
EUROCK 2022 - Rock and Fracture Mechanics in Rock Engineering and Mining, September 11-15, 2022 Helsinki, Finland
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council FormasSwedish Energy Agency
Note

Funder: LKAB; Lundin Mining; Boliden

Available from: 2023-02-07 Created: 2023-02-07 Last updated: 2023-02-07Bibliographically approved
Ma, X. & Zhang, P. (2023). Unstable Shear Slip Failure and Seismic Potential Investigation Using DEM in Underground Mining. Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 40(1), 405-420
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unstable Shear Slip Failure and Seismic Potential Investigation Using DEM in Underground Mining
2023 (English)In: Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, ISSN 2524-3462, Vol. 40, no 1, p. 405-420Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Perturbations arising from mining operations significantly affect the stability of rock masses, and the influences aggerates with the rapid increase of mining-operation depths during recent years. The subsurface structures with major discontinuities subject to seismic hazards resulted from the shear-slip behaviors of rock masses. In order to identify the shear-slip regime of discontinuities and calculate seismic moment and seismic energy involved with shear-slip behaviors, we use discrete element modeling to study the shear slip failure along discontinuities in an underground mine. The recorded characteristic and properties of sub-contacts in DEM provide a basis for computing and visualizing the temporal and spatial distribution of seismic moment and seismic energy with mining operations. We computed the seismic energy and seismic moment using the numerical modeling method and the analytic method. We compared the result of summing seismic energy and seismic moment from the subcontacts of numerical models and the result of the analytic method. We confirmed that this tool can be used in comparative analyses. We also found that seismic moment and seismic energy, associated with shear stress drop and shear displacement increase, accumulate in the vicinity of major discontinuities. Mining operations at a greater depth cause greater changes of seismic moment and seismic energy, leading to a higher risk of inducing seismic hazards. Quantifying seismic potential using discrete element modeling can greatly facilitate the investigation of instability of geological discontinuities and thereby can help estimate the potential of seismic hazards.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023
Keywords
DEM, Mining-induced seismicity, Seismic energy, Shear slip behavior, Unstable failure
National Category
Geophysics Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95542 (URN)10.1007/s42461-023-00730-4 (DOI)000919021100001 ()2-s2.0-85146676121 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council FormasSwedish Energy AgencyVinnovaLuleå University of Technology
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-02-08 (joosat);

Funder: LKAB; China National Key Research and Development Program (Grant no.: 2021YFC3000603)

Licens fulltext: CC BY License

Available from: 2023-02-08 Created: 2023-02-08 Last updated: 2023-05-08Bibliographically approved
Ylmefors, A., Zhang, P. & Mozaffari, S. (2022). Classification of Mining Induced Seismicity at the Kiirunavaara Mine. In: : . Paper presented at Explore Innovations in Rockbursts & Seismicity in Mines (RaSiM10), Tucson, AZ, USA, April 26-28, 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Classification of Mining Induced Seismicity at the Kiirunavaara Mine
2022 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The risk associated with mining induced seismicity and the related rock bursts has become one of the major threats to the safety and sustainability of mining at the Kiirunavaara mine, Sweden. The mine is owned by LKAB and is using sublevel caving mining method. The causes of mining induced seismicity at the Kiirunavaara mine are very complex, due to complex ore body geometry, mining sequences, infra-structures, geological and stress conditions, etc. These have affected our understanding on the source mechanisms of seismicity and further the mitigation of the seismic risk.

National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-97014 (URN)
Conference
Explore Innovations in Rockbursts & Seismicity in Mines (RaSiM10), Tucson, AZ, USA, April 26-28, 2022
Available from: 2023-05-04 Created: 2023-05-04 Last updated: 2023-05-04Bibliographically approved
Zhang, P. (2022). Rockburst management at LKAB’s Kiirunavaara Mine: what can we learn from COVID-19 management. In: Potvin, Y. (Ed.), Caving 2022: Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Volume Two. Paper presented at Caving 2022 - Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Adelaide, Australia, August 30 - September 1, 2022 (pp. 1135-1146). Australian Centre for Geomechanics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Rockburst management at LKAB’s Kiirunavaara Mine: what can we learn from COVID-19 management
2022 (English)In: Caving 2022: Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Volume Two / [ed] Potvin, Y., Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2022, p. 1135-1146Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Managing rockburst has been a challenging task in hard rock mines for many decades, and which still remains difficult especially when mining goes deeper. Since 2007, Kiirunavaara Mine has been identified as a seismically active mine and many severe rockbursts have occurred since then. Management of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection and treatment is also challenging in our society and we have been suffering from the wide-spreading of the coronavirus. Based on our recent studies, it isfound that there are many similarities between triggered rockburst and coronavirus infection. Considering the experiences obtained from coronavirus prevention and treatment, it is worthy of making a decent comparison of these two things and try to learn the lessons from COVID-19 management when thinking about rockburst management at LKAB’s Kiirunavaara Mine. This paper first reviews the chain of infection, pathophysiology of COVID-19, various preventative measures to reduce the chances of infection and current treatments after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. After that, the rockburst management at LKAB’s Kiirunavaara Mine is presented and compared with the COVID-19 management in terms of chain of dynamic interaction, damage mechanism, prevention or mitigation measures as well as treatment. Through the comparison, some suggestions are given regarding how to improve the present rockburst management at the Kiirunavaara Mine. Examples from recent studies in the mine are used to illustrate the improved understanding of the rockburst issues and improvement of the rockburst mitigation strategies. Discussion is presented on where further research or improvements would be conducted in the future.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2022
Keywords
rockburst, damage mechanism, mitigation measures, treatment, COVID-19
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-96923 (URN)10.36487/ACG_repo/2205_78 (DOI)
Conference
Caving 2022 - Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving, Adelaide, Australia, August 30 - September 1, 2022
Note

Funder: LKAB; Swedish Mining and Metal Producing Industry (2020–04459);

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-6450938-3-4

Available from: 2023-04-24 Created: 2023-04-24 Last updated: 2023-04-24Bibliographically approved
Zhang, P. & Nordlund, E. (2021). A 3DEC Numerical Analysis of the Interaction Between an Uneven Rock Surface and Shotcrete Lining. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 54(5), 2267-2289
Open this publication in new window or tab >>3DEC Numerical Analysis of the Interaction Between an Uneven Rock Surface and Shotcrete Lining
2021 (English)In: Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, ISSN 0723-2632, E-ISSN 1434-453X, Vol. 54, no 5, p. 2267-2289Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Rock tunnels excavated using drilling and blasting technique in jointed rock masses often have a very uneven and rough excavation surface. Experience from previous studies shows that the unevenness of a rock surface has a large impact on the support effect of shotcrete lining. However, clear conclusions regarding the effect of 2D and 3D uneven surfaces were not obtained due to limited studies in the literature. The numerical analyses reported in this paper were made to investigate the influence of the surface unevenness of a circular tunnel opening on the support effect of shotcrete using a 3D numerical code (3DEC). The models were first calibrated with the help of observations and measured data obtained from physical model tests. The influential factors were investigated further in this numerical study after calibration had been achieved. The numerical analyses show that, in general, the unevenness of a tunnel surface produces negative support effects due to stress concentrations in recesses (compressive) and at apexes (tensile) after excavation. However, shotcrete sprayed on a doubly waved uneven surface has better support effect compared to shotcrete sprayed on a simply waved tunnel surface. The development of shear strength (specifically frictional strength) on the uneven interface between the shotcrete and the rock contributes to this effect, in the condition where bonding of the shotcrete does not work effectively. The interface is a crucial element when the interaction between the rock and shotcrete is to be simulated. When an entire tunnel surface is covered by shotcrete with high modulus, more failures will occur in the shotcrete especially when rock surface is uneven. Based on the numerical model cases examined, some recommendations on how to incorporate tunnel surface conditions (2D or 3D unevenness) in the design of a shotcrete lining are given.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2021
Keywords
Rock–shotcrete interaction, Uneven rock surface, Circular opening, Numerical analysis, 3DEC
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83546 (URN)10.1007/s00603-021-02399-x (DOI)000626830600002 ()2-s2.0-85102388983 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Vinnova, 2008-00844Swedish Energy Agency, 2014-01944Swedish Research Council Formas, 2017-02228Luleå University of Technology
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-05-03 (johcin);

Finansiär: Lunding Mining: LKAB; Boliden

Available from: 2021-04-09 Created: 2021-04-09 Last updated: 2021-05-03Bibliographically approved
Ma, X. & Zhang, P. (2021). Investigation of Unstable Failure Potential of a Shear Slip Using DEM at an Underground Mine. Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 11(3), 59-83
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigation of Unstable Failure Potential of a Shear Slip Using DEM at an Underground Mine
2021 (English)In: Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, ISSN 1792-9040, E-ISSN 1792-9660, Vol. 11, no 3, p. 59-83Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

During the winter season, ice causes major problems in many Swedish railway tunnels. Ice, rock and shotcrete in the roof and on the walls may come loose and fall down, installations and cables can break due to ice loads and the tracks can become covered with ice. To maintain safety and prevent traffic disturbances, many tunnels require frequent maintenance. The removal of ice, loose rock and shotcrete is expensive and potentially risky work for the maintenance workers. To reduce maintenance costs, it is important to improve our knowledge of frost penetration inside tunnels and investigate the effect of ice pressure and frost shattering on load-bearing constructions. The aim of this investigation was to gather information about the problems caused by water leakage and its effect on the degradation of a rock tunnel when subjected to freezing temperatures. There are many factors that determine whether frost or ice formations will appear in tunnels. To collect information on ice formation problems, field observations were undertaken in five of Sweden’s railway tunnels between autumn 2004 and summer 2005. For one of the tunnels, follow-up observations also took place in March during the years 2005, 2006 and 2007.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Scientific Press International Limited, 2021
Keywords
Railway tunnel, Field observations, Ice formation, Frost shattering, Maintenance, Degradation of rock and shotcrete, Cold climate
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-97005 (URN)10.47260/jesge/1135 (DOI)
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Energy AgencySwedish Research Council Formas
Note

Godkänd;2023;Nivå 0;2023-05-04 (hanlid);

Funder: Swedish Mining and Metal Producing Industry (STRIM) (2017-02213, 2018-04616, 2020-04459); LKAB;

Licens full text: Scientific Press International as Publisher applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish. Under the CCAL, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in Scientific Press International journals, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.

Available from: 2023-05-04 Created: 2023-05-04 Last updated: 2023-05-04Bibliographically approved
Yi, C., Nordlund, E., Zhang, P., Warema, S. & Shirzadegan, S. (2021). Numerical modeling for a simulated rockburst experiment using LS-DYNA. Underground Space, 6(2), 153-162
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Numerical modeling for a simulated rockburst experiment using LS-DYNA
Show others...
2021 (English)In: Underground Space, ISSN 2467-9674, Vol. 6, no 2, p. 153-162Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Ground support systems are commonly used to mitigate the potential consequences of rockburst in burst prone mines. To assess the capacity of ground support systems when subjected to dynamic loading, simulated rockburst tests using blasting were conducted at the Kiruna Mine. In this study, a numerical simulation for one of the field tests was conducted using the LS-DYNA code to investigate the dynamic response of the ground support systems including shotcrete and rockbolts. The numerical results showed a similar particle vibration pattern and a crack pattern to those of the field measurements. The effects of the detonator position and the charge configuration on the dynamic response of ground support systems are also discussed. Numerical results indicated that the peak particle vibrations on the tested panel increase along the direction of detonation propagation. It is difficult to use different charge concentrations in one borehole to investigate the effect of different dynamic loads on the dynamic response of support systems. Numerical results also indicated that 2D numerical modeling for simulated rockburst experiments could overestimate the dynamic response of ground support systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021
Keywords
Simulated rockburst experiments, Ground support systems, Numerical modeling
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-77828 (URN)10.1016/j.undsp.2019.11.002 (DOI)000638260300005 ()2-s2.0-85084697682 (Scopus ID)
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council FormasSwedish Energy AgencyLuleå University of TechnologyEU, Horizon 2020, 730294
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-04-13 (alebob)

Available from: 2020-02-24 Created: 2020-02-24 Last updated: 2024-02-20Bibliographically approved
Zhang, P., Botelho, A., Dineva, S. & Woldemedhin, B. (2019). Field monitoring seismic response of underground excavations and rock bolts at kiirunavaara underground mine. In: Sergio A.B. Fontoura; Ricardo Rocca; José Mendoza (Ed.), Rock Mechanics for Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development - Full Papers: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM 2019), September 13-18, 2019, Foz do Iguassu, Brazil. Paper presented at 14th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM 2019), Foz do Iguassu, Brazil, 13-18 September, 2019 (pp. 1372-1379). Taylor & Francis
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Field monitoring seismic response of underground excavations and rock bolts at kiirunavaara underground mine
2019 (English)In: Rock Mechanics for Natural Resources and Infrastructure Development - Full Papers: Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM 2019), September 13-18, 2019, Foz do Iguassu, Brazil / [ed] Sergio A.B. Fontoura; Ricardo Rocca; José Mendoza, Taylor & Francis, 2019, p. 1372-1379Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

To assess the performance of underground excavations and ground support when subjected to mining-induced seismicity, a site has been instrumented at the Kiirunavaara mine. Geophones, multi-point extensometers and instrumented bolts were installed at the site. After the installation, several large seismic events (local magnitude>1.5) have occurred near the site and caused serious damages. The results from site monitoring indicate that the seismic waves are amplified near the excavation surface. The rock mass and rock bolts respond to mining-induced seismicity with step changes in displacement. The ejection velocity back-calculated from the energy absorbed in the rock bolts shows good agreement with the measured peak particle velocity (PPV). It is concluded that the scaling law used to evaluate the ground motion near excavation surface needs to be improved by considering velocity amplification. Repeated loading from multiple seismic events should be considered to assess rockburst damage.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2019
Series
Proceedings in Earth and geosciences, ISSN 2639-7749, E-ISSN 2639-7757 ; 6
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80817 (URN)2-s2.0-85084650551 (Scopus ID)
Conference
14th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM 2019), Foz do Iguassu, Brazil, 13-18 September, 2019
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council Formas
Note

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-367-42284-4; 978-0-367-82317;

Funder: LKAB (2014-01944, 2017-02228); Lundin Mining; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Available from: 2020-09-17 Created: 2020-09-17 Last updated: 2021-09-27Bibliographically approved
Zhang, P. & Nordlund, E. (2019). Numerical investigation of dynamic response of a rockbolt under drop testing and simulated seismic loading conditions. In: Hadjigeorgiou, J.; Hudyma, M. (Ed.), Ground Support 2019: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction. Paper presented at Ninth International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction, Sudbury, Canada, October 23-25, 2019 (pp. 387-398). Australian Centre for Geomechanics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Numerical investigation of dynamic response of a rockbolt under drop testing and simulated seismic loading conditions
2019 (English)In: Ground Support 2019: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction / [ed] Hadjigeorgiou, J.; Hudyma, M., Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2019, p. 387-398Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

When designing rockbolts for rockburst conditions, it is commonly assumed that the kinetic energy of an ejected rock block is absorbed by rockbolts. To obtain the energy absorption capacity of a rockbolt, drop testing has been widely used. The advantage of using a drop test to investigate the dynamic performance of rockbolts is that it can provide repeatable results. However, it is recognised that the drop test technique is a crude simulation of an actual seismic loading mechanism. To investigate the difference, numerical models were constructed to simulate the response of a rockbolt under both drop testing and simulated seismic loading conditions using the numerical code UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code, Ver 6.0) (Itasca Consulting Group 2018). The seismic wave is simplified as a full cycle sinusoidal wave which generates the same ejection velocity magnitude on a reinforced rock block as the drop test. The rockbolt was found to fail under the simulated seismic loading condition but survived the drop test. This difference is because reflected seismic waves create additional displacement between the ejected rock block and adjacent rock block. The results indicate that impact energy or kinetic energy should be used carefully when determining the dynamic demand on rockbolts as it does not consider the critical interaction between seismic waves and the reinforced rock blocks. Additional parameter sensitivity studies showed how the frequency of a simulated seismic wave affects the dynamic response of rockbolts. The results can be used to improve our understanding on the dynamic response characteristics of ground support. The knowledge gained from the comparison can be used to improve the estimation of dynamic demand on rockbolts under rockburst conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Australian Centre for Geomechanics, 2019
Keywords
drop test, seismic loading, dynamic response, rockbolt, numerical simulation
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering
Research subject
Mining and Rock Engineering; Centre - Centre for Advanced Mining & Metallurgy (CAMM)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-96929 (URN)10.36487/ACG_rep/1925_26_Zhang (DOI)
Conference
Ninth International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction, Sudbury, Canada, October 23-25, 2019
Funder
VinnovaSwedish Research Council FormasSwedish Energy Agency
Note

Funders: LKAB (2018-00005); Swedish Mining and Metal Producing Industry, STRIM (2017-02228); Lundin Mining; Boliden

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-0-9876389-4-6

Available from: 2023-04-25 Created: 2023-04-25 Last updated: 2023-04-25Bibliographically approved
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