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Acharki, S., Raza, A., Vishwakarma, D. K., Amharref, M., Bernoussi, A. S., Singh, S. K., . . . Mattar, M. A. (2025). Comparative assessment of empirical and hybrid machine learning models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in sub-humid and semi-arid climates. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article ID 2542.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comparative assessment of empirical and hybrid machine learning models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in sub-humid and semi-arid climates
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2025 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 15, no 1, article id 2542Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Improving the accuracy of reference evapotranspiration (RET) estimation is essential for effective water resource management, irrigation planning, and climate change assessments in agricultural systems. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM-FAO56) model, a widely endorsed approach for RET estimation, often encounters limitations due to the lack of complete meteorological data. This study evaluates the performance of eight empirical models and four machine learning (ML) models, along with their hybrid counterparts, in estimating daily RET within the Gharb and Loukkos irrigated perimeters in Morocco. The ML models examined include Random Forest (RF), M5 Pruned (M5P), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), with hybrid combinations of RF-M5P, RF-XGBoost, RF-LightGBM, and XGBoost-LightGBM. Six input combinations were created, utilizing Tmax, Tmin, RHmean, Rs, and U2, with the PM-FAO56 model serving as the benchmark. Model performance was assessed using four statistical indicators: Kling-Gupta efficiency index (KGE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean squared error (RMSE), and relative root squared error (RRSE). Results indicate that the Valiantzas 2013 (VAL2013b) model outperformed other empirical models across all stations, achieving high KGE and R2 values (0.95–0.97) and low RMSE (0.32–0.35 mm/day) and RRSE (8.14–10.30%). The XGBoost-LightGBM and RF-LightGBM hybrid models exhibited the highest accuracy (average RMSE of 0.015–0.097 mm/day), underscoring the potential of hybrid ML models for RET estimation in subhumid and semi-arid regions, thereby enhancing water resource management and irrigation scheduling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2025
Keywords
Reference evapotranspiration, Light gradient boosting machine, Hybrid model, FAO-56 Penman-Monteith model, Subhumid and semi-arid zones
National Category
Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Water Engineering
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-111358 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-83859-6 (DOI)
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 2;2025-01-22 (signyg);

Funder: King Saud University;

Fulltext license: CC BY

Available from: 2025-01-22 Created: 2025-01-22 Last updated: 2025-01-22Bibliographically approved
Joshi, B., Singh, V. K., Vishwakarma, D. K., Ghorbani, M. A., Kim, S., Gupta, S., . . . Mattar, M. A. (2024). A comparative survey between cascade correlation neural network (CCNN) and feedforward neural network (FFNN) machine learning models for forecasting suspended sediment concentration. Scientific Reports, 14, Article ID 10638.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A comparative survey between cascade correlation neural network (CCNN) and feedforward neural network (FFNN) machine learning models for forecasting suspended sediment concentration
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2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 10638Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Suspended sediment concentration prediction is critical for the design of reservoirs, dams, rivers ecosystems, various operations of aquatic resource structure, environmental safety, and water management. In this study, two different machine models, namely the cascade correlation neural network (CCNN) and feedforward neural network (FFNN) were applied to predict daily-suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at Simga and Jondhara stations in Sheonath basin, India. Daily-suspended sediment concentration and discharge data from 2010 to 2015 were collected and used to develop the model to predict suspended sediment concentration. The developed models were evaluated using statistical indices like Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NES), root mean square error (RMSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (WI), and Legates–McCabe’s index (LM), supplemented by a scatter plot, density plots, histograms and Taylor diagram for graphical representation. The developed model was evaluated and compared with CCNN and FFNN. Nine input combinations were explored using different lag-times for discharge (Qt-n) and suspended sediment concentration (St-n) as input variables, with the current suspended sediment concentration as the desired output, to develop CCNN and FFNN models. The CCNN4 model with 4 lagged inputs (St-1, St-2, St-3, St-4) outperformed the other developed models with the lowest RMSE = 95.02 mg/l and the highest NES = 0.0.662, WI = 0.890 and LM = 0.668 for the Jondhara Station while the same CCNN4 model secure as the best with the lowest RMSE = 53.71 mg/l and the highest NES = 0.785, WI = 0.936 and LM = 0.788 for the Simga Station. The result shows the CCNN model was better than the FFNN model for predicting daily-suspended sediment at both stations in the Sheonath basin, India. Overall, CCNN showed better forecasting potential for suspended sediment concentration compared to FFNN at both stations, demonstrating their applicability for hydrological forecasting with complex relationships.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-105434 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-61339-1 (DOI)001217905100051 ()38724562 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85192435096 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-07-10 (joosat);

Full text license: CC BY 4.0; 

Funder: King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (RSPD2024R958);

 

Available from: 2024-05-13 Created: 2024-05-13 Last updated: 2024-11-20Bibliographically approved
Swain, S., Mishra, P. K., Nandi, S., Pradhan, B., Sahoo, S. & Al-Ansari, N. (2024). A simplistic approach for monitoring meteorological drought over arid regions: a case study of Rajasthan, India. Applied water science, 14(2), Article ID 36.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A simplistic approach for monitoring meteorological drought over arid regions: a case study of Rajasthan, India
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2024 (English)In: Applied water science, ISSN 2190-5487, E-ISSN 2190-5495, Vol. 14, no 2, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The commonly used precipitation-based drought indices typically rely on probability distribution functions that can be suitable when the data exhibit minimal discrepancies. However, in arid and semi-arid regions, the precipitation data often display significant discrepancies due to highly irregular rainfall patterns. Consequently, imposing any probability distributions on the data for drought analysis in such regions may not be effective. To address this issue, this study employs a novel drought index called the Discrepancy Precipitation Index (DPI), specifically designed for arid regions. Unlike traditional methods, the DPI does not impose a probability distribution on the precipitation data; instead, it relies on the discrepancy between the data and the mean value. Drought severity classifications (i.e., Drought-I, Drought-II, and Drought-III) are proposed based on the DPI values. The DPI is used to characterize and assess the meteorological drought years based on annual and monsoonal precipitation over nineteen districts in Western Rajasthan, India, during 1901–2019. Additionally, a novel statistic called Discrepancy Measure (DM) is employed to assess the degree of discrepancy in the precipitation climatology of the districts for annual and monsoon precipitation time series. Based on annual precipitation, Jaisalmer district exhibited the highest number of historical drought years (35), whereas three districts, i.e., Jhunjhunu, Dausa, and Bhilwara exhibited the lowest number of drought years (11). Similarly, based on monsoon precipitation, Jaisalmer and Bhilwara encountered the highest (34) and the lowest (11) number of drought years, respectively. The return period of Drought-II is lower for monsoon precipitation-based DPI as compared to that of the annual precipitation-based DPI for all the districts. The DM and DPI-based total number of droughts are found to be strongly correlated for both annual and monsoon precipitation. The DM value is highest for Jaisalmer and lowest for Bhilwara district. The findings reveal DPI as an efficient tool for assessing drought years, particularly in arid climatic conditions. Moreover, as the DM value increases for a precipitation series, the DPI becomes more effective in capturing drought events.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Arid region, Discrepancy measure, Discrepancy precipitation index, Drought monitoring, Rajasthan
National Category
Other Earth Sciences
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104174 (URN)10.1007/s13201-023-02085-z (DOI)001150735200005 ()2-s2.0-85183348413 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-02-16 (joosat);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-02-05 Created: 2024-02-05 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
Gupta, R. K., Vashisht, M., Naresh, R. K., Dhingra, N., Sidhu, M. S., Singh, P. K., . . . Mattar, M. A. (2024). Biochar influences nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in two texturally different soils. Scientific Reports, 14, Article ID 6533.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biochar influences nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in two texturally different soils
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2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 6533Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are vital for crop growth. However, most agricultural systems have limited inherent ability to supply N and P to crops. Biochars (BCs) are strongly advocated in agrosystems and are known to improve the availability of N and P in crops through different chemical transformations. Herein, a soil-biochar incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the transformations of N and P in two different textured soils, namely clay loam and loamy sand, on mixing with rice straw biochar (RSB) and acacia wood biochar (ACB) at each level (0, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w). Ammonium N (NH4-N) decreased continuously with the increasing incubation period. The ammonium N content disappeared rapidly in both the soils incubated with biochars compared to the unamended soil. RSB increased the nitrate N (NO3–N) content significantly compared to ACB for the entire study period in both texturally divergent soils. The nitrate N content increased with the enhanced biochar addition rate in clay loam soil until 15 days after incubation; however, it was reduced for the biochar addition rate of 1% compared to 0.5% at 30 and 60 days after incubation in loamy sand soil. With ACB, the net increase in nitrate N content with the biochar addition rate of 1% remained higher than the 0.5% rate for 60 days in clay loam and 30 days in loamy sand soil. The phosphorus content remained consistently higher in both the soils amended with two types of biochars till the completion of the experiment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Acacia wood biochar, Incubation, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Rice straw biochar, Soil, Transformations
National Category
Agricultural Science Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104682 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-55527-2 (DOI)001188276500010 ()38503773 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85188098407 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-03-19 (joosat);

Funder: Deanship of Scientifc Research, King Saud University through the Vice Deanship of Scientifc Research Chairs, Research Chair of Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water;

CC BY Full text license

Available from: 2024-03-19 Created: 2024-03-19 Last updated: 2024-06-27Bibliographically approved
Das, S. K., Ahsan, A., Khan, M. H. H., Yilmaz, A. G., Ahmed, S., Imteaz, M., . . . Al-Ansari, N. (2024). Calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT water quality model. Applied water science, 14(4), Article ID 86.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Calibration, validation and uncertainty analysis of a SWAT water quality model
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2024 (English)In: Applied water science, ISSN 2190-5487, E-ISSN 2190-5495, Vol. 14, no 4, article id 86Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sediment and nutrient pollution in water bodies is threatening human health and the ecosystem, due to rapid land use changes and improper agricultural practices. The impact of the nonpoint source pollution needs to be evaluated for the sustainable use of water resources. An ideal tool like the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) can assess the impact of pollutant loads on the drainage area, which could be beneficial for developing a water quality management model. This study aims to evaluate the SWAT model’s multi-objective and multivariable calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis at three different sites of the Yarra River drainage area in Victoria, Australia. The drainage area is split into 51 subdrainage areas in the SWAT model. The model is calibrated and validated for streamflow from 1990 to 2008 and sediment and nutrients from 1998 to 2008. The results show that most of the monthly and annual calibration and validation for streamflow, nutrients, and sediment at the three selected sites are found with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values greater than 0.50. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis of the model shows satisfactory results where the p-factor value is reliable by considering 95% prediction uncertainty and the d-factor value is close to zero. The model's results indicate that the model performs well in the river's watershed, which helps construct a water quality management model. Finally, the model application in the cost-effective management of water quality might reduce pollution in water bodies due to land use and agricultural activities, which would be beneficial to water management managers. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Land use, Sediment, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, SWAT, Yarra River
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104926 (URN)10.1007/s13201-024-02138-x (DOI)001195114100002 ()2-s2.0-85188965713 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-02 (joosat);

Full text: CC BY License

Available from: 2024-04-02 Created: 2024-04-02 Last updated: 2024-11-20Bibliographically approved
Al Samarrai, S. Y., AlZubaidi, R. & Al-Ansari, N. (2024). Charge transfer complex-based spectrophotometric analysis of famotidine in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Scientific Reports, 14, Article ID 3661.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Charge transfer complex-based spectrophotometric analysis of famotidine in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms
2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 3661Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A straightforward and efficient spectrum technique was created using Ortho-chloranil as the electron acceptor (-acceptor) in a charge transfer (CT) complex formation reaction to determine the concentration of famotidine (FMD) in solutions. Compared to the double-distilled blank solution, the reaction result detected a definite violet colour at a maximum absorption wavelength of 546 nm, For concentrations range 2—28 µg/ml, the technique demonstrated excellent compliance with Beer-Law and Lambert's, as evidenced by its molar absorptivity of 2159.648 L mol−1 cm–1. Lower detection limits of 0.3024 µg/ml and 1.471 µg/ml, respectively, were discovered. The complexes of famotidine and Ortho-chloranil were found to have a 2:1 stoichiometry. Additionally, the suggested approach effectively estimated famotidine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in tablet form.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Charge transfer complex, Famotidine, Ortho-chloranil, Spectrophotometric
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104512 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-54402-4 (DOI)001162143900068 ()38351288 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85185115006 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-03-07 (hanlid);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-03-07 Created: 2024-03-07 Last updated: 2024-11-20Bibliographically approved
Athab, Z. H., Halbus, A. F., Mohammed, S. B., Atiyah, A. J., Ismael, H. I., Saddam, N. S., . . . Al-Ansari, N. (2024). Comparison activity of pure and chromium-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles for the selective removal of dyes from water. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article ID 4032.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Comparison activity of pure and chromium-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles for the selective removal of dyes from water
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2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 4032Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The current study involves a synthesis of a composite of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) with a chromium dopant to yield (Cr/NiONPs). Synthesis of nickel oxide was performed by the co-precipitation method. The synthesis of the composite was conducted by the impregnation method. FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD were used to characterize the synthesized materials. The synthesised materials’ point zero charges (PZC) were performed using the potentiometric titration method. The obtained results show that the PZC for neat nickel oxide was around 5, and it was around 8 for Cr/NiONPs. The adsorption action of the prepared materials was examined by applying them to remove Reactive Red 2 (RR2) and Crystal Violate (CV) dyes from solutions. The outcomes demonstrated that Cr/NiONPs were stronger in the removal of dyes than NiONPs. Cr/NiONPs achieved 99.9% removal of dyes after 1 h. Adsorption isotherms involving Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were also conducted, and the outcomes indicated that the most accurate representation of the adsorption data was offered by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Additionally, it was discovered that the adsorption characteristics of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs correspond well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Each of the NiONPs and Cr/NiONPs was reused five times, and the results display that the effectiveness of the removal of RR2 dye slightly declined with the increase in reuse cycles; it lost only 5% of its original efficiency after the 5 cycles. Generally, Cr/NiONPs showed better reusability than NiONPs under the same conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Adsorption, Cr/NiONPs, Crystal violate, Reactive red 2 dye, Selective removal
National Category
Water Treatment
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-104505 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-53490-6 (DOI)001164348100015 ()38369532 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85185439274 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-03-07 (hanlid);

Funder: University of Babylon, Iraq;

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-03-07 Created: 2024-03-07 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
Madhusudan, B. S., Kushwaha, H. L., Kumar, A., Parray, R. A., Swain, S. S., Chowdhury, M., . . . Mattar, M. A. (2024). Critical assessment of furrow openers and operational parameters for optimum performance under conservation tillage. Scientific Reports, 14, Article ID 20928.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Critical assessment of furrow openers and operational parameters for optimum performance under conservation tillage
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2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 20928Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Conservation Agriculture (CA) is an innovative approach that promotes sustainable farming while enhancing soil health. However, residue management challenges often hinder its adoption, causing farmers to burn crop leftovers in fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various furrow openers under simulated soil bin conditions. Three types of furrow openers were examined: single disk (SD), Inverted T-type furrow opener with a plain rolling coulter (ITRC), and double disc (DD) furrow opener. Tests were conducted at different forward speeds (1.5, 2, and 2.5 km h−1) and with three straw densities (1, 2, and 3 t ha−1) at a consistent working depth of 5 cm. Draft measurements were obtained using load cells connected to an Arduino-based data-logging system. Results indicated that draft requirements increased with forward speed and straw density, while straw-cutting efficiency decreased with these factors. Average draft values for SD, ITRC, and DD were 290.3 N, 420 N, and 368.5 N, respectively, and straw-cutting efficiencies were 53.62%, 59.47%, and 74.89%, respectively. The DD furrow opener showed the highest straw-cutting efficiency (81.36%) at a working speed of 1.5 km h−1 and a straw density of 1 t ha−1, demonstrating optimal performance compared to other furrow openers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Conservation agriculture, Sustainable agriculture, Draft requirements, Residue management, Straw cutting efficiency, Working speed
National Category
Soil Science
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-110009 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-70569-2 (DOI)001334500800012 ()39251718 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85203387878 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-11-14 (sarsun);

Full text license: CC BY;

Funder: King Saud University;

Available from: 2024-09-17 Created: 2024-09-17 Last updated: 2024-11-14Bibliographically approved
Karthik, R., Ramana, M. V., Kumari, C. P. P., Prakash, T. R., Goverdhan, M., Naik, D. S., . . . Mattar, M. A. (2024). Designing a productive, profitable integrated farming system model with low water footprints for small and marginal farmers of Telangana. Scientific Reports, 14, Article ID 17066.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Designing a productive, profitable integrated farming system model with low water footprints for small and marginal farmers of Telangana
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2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, article id 17066Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the years 2021–2022 and 2022–2023, an experiment was carried out at the IFS Unit, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar in order to determine the best one-acre integrated farming system model for Telangana's small and marginal farmers. Seven farm models among which six models were developed by combining the various components i.e., cropping systems, fruit cropfodder crops and livestock components, in different proportions, and compared with rice-groundnut system which is a major farming approach in Telangana using randomized block design. The seven models were as follows: M1: Rice–Groundnut; M2: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize; M3: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp; Napier grass, Sheep (5 + 1); M4: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp, Poultry unit; M5: Guava, Hedge Lucerne, Napier grass, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Sheep (5 + 1); M6: Guava, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2)—Maize, Rice–Groundnut, Poultry; M7: Rice–Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3)—Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3)—Sunhemp; Napier grass, Hedge lucerne, Poultry (100), Sheep (5 + 1). Based on a 2-year average, the Model M7 system produced 9980 Rice Grain Equivalent Yield(RGEY)kg of output per acre, with gross and net returns of ₹210,439 and ₹124,953 respectively, and recovered a B:C ratio of 2.46. It has recorded highest sustainable yield index (SYI) of 0.673 and value index of 0.772 with the lowest water footprint of 259.0 L/kg. This study reveals that adopting an integrated farming system is the optimal approach for effectively combining productive, financially rewarding, and diversified enterprises within a single acre of land.d. This system should be recommended for maximum benefits to smallto small and marginal farmers in Telangana's southern hills and plateau.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
Keywords
Integrated farming system, Small and marginal farmers, Sustainable yield index, Telangana, Water footprint
National Category
Agricultural Science
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-108508 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-66696-5 (DOI)001276798400042 ()39048579 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85199391366 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-08-09 (hanlid);

Funder: King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (RSPD2023R952);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-08-09 Created: 2024-08-09 Last updated: 2024-08-09Bibliographically approved
Alkaradaghi, K., Ali, T., Al-Ansari, N., Khanaqa, P. & Laue, J. (2024). Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures. Journal of Environmental Protection, 15(06), 656-671
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in Plastic Bottles Using Vertical Cultivation at Various Temperatures
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Protection, ISSN 2152-2197, E-ISSN 2152-2219, Vol. 15, no 06, p. 656-671Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Polycarbonate plastics containing bisphenol A (BPA) used to manufacture drinking water bottles. Kurdistan region in northern Iraq is a developed area with increased pollution from plastic bottles. Trace amounts of BPA have been detected in bottled water samples. The absorption of BPA was measured with HPLC using a vertical cultivation system with Bulbs of the Allium Cepa plant planted in these plastic bottles with monitored growth. Vertical cultivation was found to have a low level of BPA in the plant cells, making it a safe cultivation method under specific climate conditions. The mean concentration of BPA in vertical cultivation is 0.19 ug/ml (3.8 ng for a 20 uL injection), and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) is 0.63 ug/ml (12.7 ng for 20 uL injection). While Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the concentrations are relatively low in water samples stored at room temperature compared to those exposed to direct sunlight (40°C) and water bottle samples stored at (-4°C), The correlation coefficients were found to be good (0.9992). SEM is used for plastic bottle samples stored at different temperatures. The images identify compound decay and explore the morphology of BPA in manufactured plastic materials.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Scientific Research Publishing, 2024
Keywords
Vertical Cultivation, Allium, Bisphenol A, Plastic Bottles, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
National Category
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-107707 (URN)10.4236/jep.2024.156037 (DOI)
Note

Godkänd;2024;Nivå 0;2024-06-20 (signyg);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2024-06-20 Created: 2024-06-20 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
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