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Schueler, J., Araújo, H. M., Balashov, S. N., Borg, J. E., Brew, C., Brunbauer, F. M., . . . Veenhof, R. (2025). Transforming a rare event search into a not-so-rare event search in real-time with deep learning-based object detection. Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 111, Article ID 072004.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transforming a rare event search into a not-so-rare event search in real-time with deep learning-based object detection
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2025 (English)In: Physical Review D: covering particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, ISSN 2470-0010, E-ISSN 2470-0029, Vol. 111, article id 072004Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Deep learning-based object detection algorithms enable the simultaneous classification and localization of any number of objects in image data. Many of these algorithms are capable of operating in real-time on high resolution images, attributing to their widespread usage across many fields. We present an end-to-end object detection pipeline designed for rare event searches for the Migdal effect, at real-time speeds, using high-resolution image data from the scientific CMOS camera readout of the MIGDAL experiment. The Migdal effect in nuclear scattering, critical for sub-GeV dark matter searches, has yet to be experimentally confirmed, making its detection a primary goal of the MIGDAL experiment. The Migdal effect forms a composite rare event signal topology consisting of an electronic and nuclear recoil sharing the same vertex. Crucially, both recoil species are commonly observed in isolation in the MIGDAL experiment, enabling us to train YOLOv8, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, on real data. Topologies indicative of the Migdal effect can then be identified in science data via pairs of neighboring or overlapping electron and nuclear recoils. Applying selections to real data that retain 99.7% signal acceptance in simulations, we demonstrate our pipeline to reduce a sample of 20 million recorded images to fewer than 1000 frames, thereby transforming a rare search into a much more manageable search. More broadly, we discuss the applicability of using object detection to enable data-driven machine learning training for other rare event search applications such as neutrinoless double beta decay searches and experiments imaging exotic nuclear decays.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Physical Society, 2025
National Category
Artificial Intelligence
Research subject
Electronic Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-112473 (URN)10.1103/PhysRevD.111.072004 (DOI)2-s2.0-105002341558 (Scopus ID)
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 841261, 101026519
Note

Validerad;2025;Nivå 2;2025-04-22 (u5);

Full text license: CC BY 4.0;

Funder: For funding information, see: https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.072004#acknowledgements

Available from: 2025-04-22 Created: 2025-04-22 Last updated: 2025-04-22Bibliographically approved
Berglund, E., Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2024). Active Control for Resonance Mitigation in Electric Drive Applications. In: 2024 XV International Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (INDEL)  - Proceedings: . Paper presented at XV International Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (INDEL 2024), Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, November 6-8, 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Active Control for Resonance Mitigation in Electric Drive Applications
2024 (English)In: 2024 XV International Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (INDEL)  - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The use of inverter-based motor controllers that can generate fast voltage level transitions is increasing in the field of electric drive systems because of their ability to achieve higher efficiency. However, the fast voltage transitions, dv/dt's, are prone to generate bearing currents and cause overvoltages that may harm the electric motor. An LC filter applied between the inverter and the motor terminals can reduce the dv/dt's. However, the LC filter will cause overvoltage due to resonance but this can be overcome by introducing an extra pulse at each pulse-width modulation (PWM) transition. The timing of this extra pulse is crucial for suppressing the resonance, but due to nonlinearities in a real system, the time instants may vary over time and are thus in need of control. In this study, an analytical expression for the optimal pulse location and duration is derived and we propose a control algorithm that continuously calculates the optimal pulse switch time instants based on the measured output voltage. The control algorithm can handle sudden system disturbances and a Monte Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. This hybrid filter successfully reduces dv/dt's at the motor terminals while simultaneously eliminating overvoltages due to the filter resonance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024
Keywords
electric drives, overvoltage, resonance, inverter control, EMC, power electronics, PWM, bearing currents
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Control Engineering
Research subject
Electronic Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-111472 (URN)10.1109/INDEL62640.2024.10772686 (DOI)2-s2.0-85215130173 (Scopus ID)
Conference
XV International Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications (INDEL 2024), Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, November 6-8, 2024
Note

Funder: EuropeanRegional Development Fund and the Green Transition Northsmart energy systems-project (GTN-SE) (no.20359797);

ISBN for host publication: 979-8-3503-5232-0

Available from: 2025-01-31 Created: 2025-01-31 Last updated: 2025-02-28Bibliographically approved
Ashraf, A., Carlson, J. E., Van De Beek, J. & Borg, J. (2024). Ultrasonic Backscatter Communication: A Feasibility Study. In: 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS): . Paper presented at 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, September 22-26, 2024. IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ultrasonic Backscatter Communication: A Feasibility Study
2024 (English)In: 2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium (UFFC-JS), IEEE, 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents a feasibility study of an ultrasonic backscatter communication system designed for low-power, short-range data transmission, suitable for applications in IoT, biomedical implants, and underwater sensor networks. Our proposed system utilizes a very low power passive network to encode information by modulating the reflection properties of the backscatter medium. We demonstrate through experimental analysis the effective data transmission and detection. The key contribution of this study includes the development of a practical experimental setup using ultrasonic transducers, backscatter modulators, alongside signal processing techniques for optimal data extraction. Results indicate the successful data transmission and detection for a limited number of bits in a very high SNR regime, showcasing the performance of the transmission protocol.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2024
Keywords
Backscatter communication, Piezoelectric transducers, Signal encoding and detection
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Signal Processing
Research subject
Signal Processing; Electronic Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-111626 (URN)10.1109/UFFC-JS60046.2024.10793561 (DOI)2-s2.0-85216456221 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2024 IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Joint Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, September 22-26, 2024
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-05376
Note

ISBN for host publication: 979-8-3503-7190-1

Available from: 2025-03-11 Created: 2025-03-11 Last updated: 2025-03-11Bibliographically approved
Nilsson, J., Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2018). Chip-Coil Design for Wireless Power Transfer in Power Semiconductor Modules. In: 2018 2nd Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics Latin America (PRIME-LA): . Paper presented at 2nd Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics Latin America (PRIME-LA), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 25-28 Feb. 2018. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chip-Coil Design for Wireless Power Transfer in Power Semiconductor Modules
2018 (English)In: 2018 2nd Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics Latin America (PRIME-LA), Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2018Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents electromagnetic simulations of a wireless power transfer system suitable for a monitoring system for detection of solder fatigue in power semiconductor modules. Power is provided wirelessly from a printed spiral coil on a printed circuit board to a silicon chip with an on-chip coil. We use and adapt a known gradient-ascent-based optimisation algorithm to obtain suitable coil geometries. For a frequency of 433 MHz, the simulations show an efficiency of -34.7 dB which we conclude is sufficient for the proposed monitoring system.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2018
Keywords
CMOS coil, condition monitoring, low power, near-field, on-chip coil, RFID, power semiconductor, wireless
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70717 (URN)10.1109/PRIME-LA.2018.8370384 (DOI)000435003000001 ()2-s2.0-85048899120 (Scopus ID)978-1-5386-4221-4 (ISBN)978-1-5386-4222-1 (ISBN)
Conference
2nd Conference on PhD Research in Microelectronics and Electronics Latin America (PRIME-LA), Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, 25-28 Feb. 2018
Available from: 2018-09-03 Created: 2018-09-03 Last updated: 2021-05-07Bibliographically approved
Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2017). Delay insensitive signal-injection calibration for large antenna arrays using passive hierarchical networks. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 65(1), 190-195, Article ID 7747455.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Delay insensitive signal-injection calibration for large antenna arrays using passive hierarchical networks
2017 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, ISSN 0018-926X, E-ISSN 1558-2221, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 190-195, article id 7747455Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Efficient beamforming of phased-array antennas requires that the phase delay of each channel is accurately known. One technique for achieving this is to distribute a calibration or local-oscillator reference signal through a delay-insensitive signal distribution network. In this paper, we propose using passive hierarchical signal distribution networks to distribute such signals, a method that scales significantly better with the size of the array than existing signal distribution methods. We analyze the impact of impedance variations within the network on the phase accuracy and propose a calibration front-end architecture. This front end also enables the return loss and coupling between antennas to be monitored for diagnostic purposes. We present an implementation of this front end that was applied to a small prototype antenna array, and show that this implementation exhibited low sensitivity to delays within the calibration network, reduced the temperature-dependent phase error of the front ends substantially, and can be used for performing antenna return-loss measurements

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2017
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61606 (URN)10.1109/TAP.2016.2630504 (DOI)000393788700021 ()2-s2.0-85009164721 (Scopus ID)
Note

Validerad; 2017; Nivå 2; 2017-01-24 (andbra)

Available from: 2017-01-24 Created: 2017-01-24 Last updated: 2021-10-15Bibliographically approved
Johansson, J. & Borg, J. (2016). Encapsulation method for smallwireless measurement systems in high temperature environments. In: : . Paper presented at IMAPS International Conference and Exhibition on High Temperature Electronics, HiTEC 2016, Albuquerque, 10-12 May 2016. IMAPS-International Microelectronics and Packaging Society
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Encapsulation method for smallwireless measurement systems in high temperature environments
2016 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents an encapsulation concept that enables the construction of small wireless measurement systems that can operate in industrial environments with ambient temperatures of up to 1200°C. To maximize operational time and minimize size, a layer of thermal insulation is combined with water absorbed in a porous material in the core of the device. The simulated operating time before all of the frozen water at 0?C has transformed into steam at 100°C when the ambient temperature of the device was 1200°C is 21 minutes for a sphere with an outer radius of 4 cm. If the outer radius is increased to 10 cm the simulated operating time increases to 125 minutes. Measurements were performed to validate the design. When a sphere with a radius of 4 cm was subjected to an oven temperature of 1200°C the device held the core temperature at or below 101°C for a total of 25 minutes. The time to reach the boiling point of the water was 9 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was held constant at 100 +/- 1°C for an additional 16 minutes whereafter a rapid rise in temperature took place once all water had evaporated.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IMAPS-International Microelectronics and Packaging Society, 2016
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60878 (URN)10.4071/2016-HITEC-87 (DOI)2-s2.0-85088774472 (Scopus ID)
Conference
IMAPS International Conference and Exhibition on High Temperature Electronics, HiTEC 2016, Albuquerque, 10-12 May 2016
Projects
Integrated Process Control based on Distributed In-Situ Sensors into Raw Material and Energy Feedstock, DISIRE
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 636834
Available from: 2016-12-02 Created: 2016-12-02 Last updated: 2021-10-15Bibliographically approved
Fischer, J., Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2016). High frequency limitations of active rectifier circuits for RFID applications (ed.). In: (Ed.), 2016 MIXDES: 23rd International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Lodz, Poland, 23-25 June 2016. Paper presented at International Conference Mixdes Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems : 23/06/2016 - 25/06/2016 (pp. 326-329). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, Article ID 7529757.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>High frequency limitations of active rectifier circuits for RFID applications
2016 (English)In: 2016 MIXDES: 23rd International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Lodz, Poland, 23-25 June 2016, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2016, p. 326-329, article id 7529757Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper analyses the frequency limitations of an active rectifier for RFID applications that has been optimised for 13.56 MHz. The rectifier utilises an active MOS diode with threshold cancellation and a control scheme to reduce reverse leakage. The rectifier is implemented in AMS 0.35 µm CMOS and simulated in Cadence Spectre. For an input voltage of 2 V and an output current of 20 µA, a power and voltage conversion efficiency of 83 % and 89 %, respectively, are achieved at 13.56 MHz. We show that reducing the width of the main MOS transistor from 90 to 60 µm improves the upper frequency limit, but beyond 30 MHz the finite speed of the threshold cancellation control circuit limits the efficiency of the rectifier circuit.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2016
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-38202 (URN)10.1109/MIXDES.2016.7529757 (DOI)000383221700061 ()2-s2.0-84992125227 (Scopus ID)c84fbff7-05dd-47d6-9821-3cdae82bc4fd (Local ID)c84fbff7-05dd-47d6-9821-3cdae82bc4fd (Archive number)c84fbff7-05dd-47d6-9821-3cdae82bc4fd (OAI)
Conference
International Conference Mixdes Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems : 23/06/2016 - 25/06/2016
Projects
Integrated Process Control based on Distributed In-Situ Sensors into Raw Material and Energy Feedstock, DISIRE
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 636834
Note

Validerad; 2016; Nivå 1; 2016-10-13 (andbra)

Available from: 2016-10-03 Created: 2016-10-03 Last updated: 2021-10-15Bibliographically approved
Rabén, H., Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2015). A CMOS Front-end for RFID Transponders Using Multiple Coil Antennas (ed.). Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 83(2), 149-159
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A CMOS Front-end for RFID Transponders Using Multiple Coil Antennas
2015 (English)In: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, ISSN 0925-1030, E-ISSN 1573-1979, Vol. 83, no 2, p. 149-159Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A front-end architecture for inductive RFID transponders using multiple coil antennas for reduced ori- entation sensitivity is presented. The front-end uses multiple antennas for reception and one antenna for transmission. A select function identifies the antenna that is most favorably oriented toward the reader for transmission by comparing the DC charge-up phases of multiple DC generation blocks during power-up of the transponder. CMOS circuit design and simulation results of a front-end for 125 kHz FSK modulation are presented for a pulsed RFID system as well as an archi- tecture for cascaded DC generation. This paper also includes an example of a coil antenna for spherical transponders using three independent orthogonal windings.

National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-5038 (URN)10.1007/s10470-015-0518-y (DOI)000353358800004 ()2-s2.0-84937763608 (Scopus ID)30f00f70-28c0-4400-923a-81773e09c2fa (Local ID)30f00f70-28c0-4400-923a-81773e09c2fa (Archive number)30f00f70-28c0-4400-923a-81773e09c2fa (OAI)
Note

Validerad; 2015; Nivå 2; 20140904 (hanrab)

Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2023-09-14Bibliographically approved
Alrifaiy, A., Borg, J., Lindahl, O. A. & Ramser, K. (2015). A lab-on-a-chip for hypoxic patch clamp measurements combined with optical tweezers and spectroscopy: first investigations of single biological cells (ed.). Biomedical engineering online, 14, Article ID 36.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A lab-on-a-chip for hypoxic patch clamp measurements combined with optical tweezers and spectroscopy: first investigations of single biological cells
2015 (English)In: Biomedical engineering online, E-ISSN 1475-925X, Vol. 14, article id 36Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The response and the reaction of the brain system to hypoxia is a vital research subject that requires special instrumentation. With this research subject in focus, a new multifunctional lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system with control over the oxygen content for studies on biological cells was developed. The chip was designed to incorporate the patch clamp technique, optical tweezers and absorption spectroscopy. The performance of the LOC was tested by a series of experiments. The oxygen content within the channels of the LOC was monitored by an oxygen sensor and verified by simultaneously studying the oxygenation state of chicken red blood cells (RBCs) with absorption spectra. The chicken RBCs were manipulated optically and steered in three dimensions towards a patch-clamp micropipette in a closed microfluidic channel. The oxygen level within the channels could be changed from a normoxic value of 18% O 2 to an anoxic value of 0.0-0.5% O 2. A time series of 3 experiments were performed, showing that the spectral transfer from the oxygenated to the deoxygenated state occurred after about 227 ± 1 s and a fully developed deoxygenated spectrum was observed after 298 ± 1 s, a mean value of 3 experiments. The tightness of the chamber to oxygen diffusion was verified by stopping the flow into the channel system while continuously recording absorption spectra showing an unchanged deoxygenated state during 5400 ± 2 s. A transfer of the oxygenated absorption spectra was achieved after 426 ± 1 s when exposing the cell to normoxic buffer. This showed the long time viability of the investigated cells. Successful patching and sealing were established on a trapped RBC and the whole-cell access (Ra) and membrane (Rm) resistances were measured to be 5.033 ± 0.412 M Ω and 889.7 ± 1.74 M Ω respectively.

National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Applied Mechanics
Research subject
Industrial Electronics; Experimental Mechanics; Centre - Centre for Biomedical Engineering and Physics (CMTF)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-15236 (URN)10.1186/s12938-015-0024-6 (DOI)000353330300001 ()25907197 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-84928337538 (Scopus ID)ebc3778e-f4fc-49c8-a1c0-bf991c7677d6 (Local ID)ebc3778e-f4fc-49c8-a1c0-bf991c7677d6 (Archive number)ebc3778e-f4fc-49c8-a1c0-bf991c7677d6 (OAI)
Note

Validerad; 2015; Nivå 2; 20150428 (andbra)

Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2024-03-26Bibliographically approved
Nilsson, J., Borg, J. & Johansson, J. (2015). Leakage Current Compensation for a 450 nW, High Temperature, Bandgap Temperature Sensor (ed.). In: (Ed.), (Ed.), Proceedings of the 19th International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems - MIXDES 2015: . Paper presented at International Conference of Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems : 25/06/2015 - 27/06/2015 (pp. 343-347). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, Article ID 7208540.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Leakage Current Compensation for a 450 nW, High Temperature, Bandgap Temperature Sensor
2015 (English)In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems - MIXDES 2015, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2015, p. 343-347, article id 7208540Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The design of a 450 nW bandgap temperature sensor in the 0 to 175 °C range is presented. The design demonstrates a leakage current compensation technique that is useful for low-power designs where transistor performance is limited. The technique mitigates the effects of leakage in Brokaw bandgap references by limiting the amount of excess current that is entering the bases of the main bipolar pair due to leakage. Using this technique, Monte Carlo simulations show an improvement factor of 7.6 for the variation of the temperature sensitivity over the full temperature range. For the variation of the reference voltage, Monte Carlo simulations show an improvement factor of 2.3.Sensors built using this technique can be used to accurately monitor the temperature of power semiconductors since wireless temperature sensors become feasible with sufficiently low power consumption.

Abstract [en]

The design of a 450 nW bandgap temperature sensor in the 0 to 175 °C range is presented. The design demonstrates a leakage current compensation technique that is useful for low power designs where transistor performance is limited. The technique mitigates the effects of leakage in Brokaw bandgap references by limiting the amount of excess current that is entering the bases of the main bipolar pair due to leakage. Using this technique, Monte Carlo simulations show an improvement factor of 7.6 for the variation of the temperature sensitivity over the full temperature range. For the variation of the reference voltage, Monte Carlo simulations show an improvement factor of 2.3. Sensors built using this technique can be used to accurately monitor the temperature of power semiconductors since wireless direct-contact temperature sensors become feasible with sufficiently low power consumption.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2015
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Electronics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-28487 (URN)10.1109/MIXDES.2015.7208540 (DOI)2-s2.0-84953744489 (Scopus ID)24e0418c-cdb6-4a99-b49f-f70e44121e89 (Local ID)978-83-63578-06-0 (ISBN)24e0418c-cdb6-4a99-b49f-f70e44121e89 (Archive number)24e0418c-cdb6-4a99-b49f-f70e44121e89 (OAI)
Conference
International Conference of Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems : 25/06/2015 - 27/06/2015
Note
Validerad; 2015; Nivå 1; 20150507 (joanil)Available from: 2016-09-30 Created: 2016-09-30 Last updated: 2023-09-06Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-7716-7621

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