In several European countries, dental composites are replacing mercury-containing amalgams as the most common restorative materials. One problem with dental composites is residual stresses which may lead to poor performance of the restoration. In the present study, a combined modeling and materials characterization approach is presented and predictions compare well with experimental data on residual stresses. The model takes stress relaxation into account through the complete relaxation time spectrum of the resin. The approach allows for detailed parametric studies where resin and composite composition as well as cure conditions may be tailored with respect to residual stress generation.