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Investigation of the Piercing Process in Laser Cutting of Stainless Steel
Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling.ORCID-id: 0000-0001-6261-2019
Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling. Laser Expertise Ltd., Acorn Park Industrial Estate.
Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-4265-1541
Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-3569-6795
2017 (Engelska)Ingår i: Journal of laser applications, ISSN 1042-346X, E-ISSN 1938-1387, Vol. 29, nr 2, artikel-id 022201Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper investigates the laser piercing process which precedes nearly every laser cutting operation. The two most important aspects of the piercing process are: a) How long does it take to pierce the material? And b) How wide is the pierced hole? If the hole is no wider than the cut line, the material can be pierced on the line to be cut. In this paper 10 mm thick stainless steel was pierced by a multikilowatt fibre laser to compare efficiency and quality when piercing with a continuous wave (cw) output and a selected range of power modulation parameters. The different processes were observed by high speed imaging and subsequently examined by visual observation. High speed imaging is used to time the penetration event and to study the laser-material interactions involved in drilling the pierced holes. The results show that appropriate laser power modulation settings can considerably reduce both the piercing time and the required energy to generate any piercing hole required for the subsequent cutting process. This pulse-pierce technique and the differences between piercing with a continuous and a power modulated laser beam are further explained and discussed. Also the effect on the size of the entrance to the pierced hole depending on power modulation regimes was investigated in this paper.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
American Institute of Physics (AIP), 2017. Vol. 29, nr 2, artikel-id 022201
Nyckelord [en]
Laser cutting, laser piercing, efficiency, fibre laser, high speed imaging
Nationell ämneskategori
Produktionsteknik, arbetsvetenskap och ergonomi
Forskningsämne
Produktionsutveckling
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60387DOI: 10.2351/1.4983260ISI: 000405475100004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85019497656OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-60387DiVA, id: diva2:1046503
Projekt
HALO project
Forskningsfinansiär
EU, FP7, Sjunde ramprogrammet, 314410
Anmärkning

Validerad; 2017; Nivå 2; 2017-05-17 (andbra)

Tillgänglig från: 2016-11-14 Skapad: 2016-11-14 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-10-25Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Laser cutting and piercing: Experimental and theoretical investigation
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Laser cutting and piercing: Experimental and theoretical investigation
2017 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

This thesis concerns experimental investigations of laser cutting and piercing, with theoretical and practical discussions of the results. The thesis is made up of an introduction to laser cutting and six scientific Papers. These Papers are linked in such a way that each of them studies a different aspect of laser cutting: process efficiency in Paper I, morphology and melt flow on the laser cut front in Papers II, III and IV and laser piercing in Papers V and VI.

Paper I investigates the effect of material type, material thickness, laser wavelength, and laser power on the efficiency of the cutting process for industrial state-of-the-art CO2 and fibre laser cutting machines. Here the cutting efficiency is defined in its most fundamental terms: as the area of cut edge created per Joule of laser energy.

In Paper II a new experimental technique is presented which has been developed to enable high speed imaging of laser cut fronts produced using standard, commercial parameters. The results presented here suggest that the cut front produced when cutting 10 mm thick medium section stainless steel with a fibre laser and a nitrogen assist gas is covered in humps which themselves are covered in a thin layer of liquid. Paper III presents numerical simulations of the melt flow on a fibre laser ablation-driven processing front during remote fusion cutting, RFC. The simulations were validated with high speed imaging observations of the processing front. The simulation results provide explanations of the main liquid transport mechanisms on the processing front, based on information on the temperature, velocity and pressure fields involved. The results are of fundamental relevance for any process governed by a laser ablation induced front. In Paper IV cutting fronts created by CO2 and fibre lasers in stainless steel at thicknesses between 2 mm and 10 mm have been ‘frozen’ and their geometry has been measured. The resulting three-dimensional shapes have been curve fitted as ninth order polynomials. Various features of the cutting front geometry are discussed, including the lack of correlation of the cut front inclination with either the relevant Brewster angle or the inclination of the striations on the cut edge. In this paper, mathematical descriptions of the cutting fronts are obtained, which can be used as input parameters by any researcher in the field of laser cutting simulations.

Paper V investigates the subject of laser piercing. Before any cut is started the laser needs to pierce the material. In this paper the laser piercing process is investigated using a wide range of laser pulse parameters, for stainless steel using a fibre laser. The results reveal the influence of pulse parameters on pierce time and pierced hole diameter. A high speed imaging camera was used to time the penetration event and to study the laser-material interactions involved in drilling the pierced holes. In Paper VI a ‘dynamic’ or ‘moving beam’, laser piercing technique is introduced for processing 15 mm thick stainless steel. One important aspect of laser piercing is the reliability of the process because industrial laser cutting machines are programmed for the minimum reliable pierce time. In this work a comparison was made between a stationary laser and a laser which moves along a circular trajectory with varying processing speeds. High speed imaging was employed during the piercing process to understand melt behavior inside the pierce hole.

Throughout this work experimental techniques, including advanced high speed imaging, have been used in conjunction with simulations and theoretical analysis, to provide new knowledge for understanding and improving laser beam cutting and its associated piercing process.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2017
Serie
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Nyckelord
Laser cutting, laser piercing, efficiency, fibre laser, CO2 laser, high speed imaging
Nationell ämneskategori
Bearbetnings-, yt- och fogningsteknik
Forskningsämne
Produktionsutveckling
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63498 (URN)978-91-7583-916-5 (ISBN)978-91-7583-917-2 (ISBN)
Disputation
2017-09-29, E 231, Luleå tekniska universitet/ 971 87 Luleå , Luleå, 09:30 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Tillgänglig från: 2017-05-24 Skapad: 2017-05-23 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-10-25Bibliografiskt granskad

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Pocorni, JetroPowell, JohnFrostevarg, JanKaplan, Alexander

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