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Exploring Factors Influencing Participant Drop-Out Behavior in a Living Lab Environment
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5637-9572
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5286-4850
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4317-9963
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Computer Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9468-6821
2017 (English)In: Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems: 8th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS 2017, Halden, Norway, August 6-8, 2017, Proceedings / [ed] Susanne Stigberg, Joackim Karlsen, Harald Holone, Cathrine Linnes, Cham: Springer, 2017, p. 28-40Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The concept of “living lab” is a rather new phenomenon that facilitates user involvement in open innovation activities. The users’ motivations to contribute to the living lab activities at the beginning of the project are usually higher than once the activities are underway. However, the literature still lacks an understanding of what actions are necessary to reduce the likelihood of user drop-out throughout the user engagement process. This study aims to explore key factors that are influential on user drop-out in a living lab setting by engaging users to test an innovation during the pilot phase of the application’s development. The stability of the prototype, ease of use, privacy protection, flexibility of the prototype, effects of reminders, and timing issues are the key influential factors on user drop-out behavior. This paper summarizes the key lessons learned from the case study and points to avenues for future research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cham: Springer, 2017. p. 28-40
Series
Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, ISSN 1865-1348 ; 294
Keywords [en]
User engagement, Drop-out, Living lab, Case study, Field test
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects Information Systems
Research subject
Information systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65068DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-64695-4_3Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85028300455ISBN: 978-3-319-64694-7 (print)ISBN: 978-3-319-64695-4 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-65068DiVA, id: diva2:1131525
Conference
8th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS 2017, Halden, Norway, August 6-9, 2017
Projects
USEMP, Privacy Flag, U4IOTUser Engagement for Large Scale Pilots in the Internet of Things, U4IoT
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 732078Available from: 2017-08-14 Created: 2017-08-14 Last updated: 2021-05-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. User engagement in Living Labs: Issues and concerns
Open this publication in new window or tab >>User engagement in Living Labs: Issues and concerns
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

User engagement and the participatory design approach are well-established in information systems research for many years, and several studies have investigated the challenges of user engagement in the innovation processes. The majority of these studies have discussed participatory design activities – specifically user engagement –in an organizational context. From this perspective, user engagement within an organization employs (relatively) mature technology, but the users are exclusively employees with certain levels of expertise and commitment. Therefore, the full spectrum of users’ perspectives is widely neglected. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate and discuss how the process of voluntary user engagement in real-life contexts (in this study, living labs) is shaped when the innovations are not yet mature. The objective is to propose a framework that addresses issues of sustainable user engagement and commitment by including the users’ perspectives.  To this end, the following research questions are further explored:

RQ1: What aspects of innovation have an impact on the process of user engagement?

RQ2: What aspects of the engagement context have an impact on the process of user engagement?

RQ3: What aspects related to the users themselves have an impact on the process of user engagement?

In order to meet the purpose of this study, the living lab was used as the context of participatory design activities in three different studied cases. The first living lab case was called “USEMP” and concerned testing and evaluation of a digital innovation with voluntary users. The second living lab case, “UNaLab”, incorporated ten European cities, aiming to develop nature-based solutions to problems in these cities following a living lab approach. The third living lab case, “U4IoT”, was designed to facilitate the engagement of five European Large-Scale Pilots with (current and future) users throughout the use and adoption of the Internet of things (IoT).

This thesis is based on a qualitative interpretive case study approach. Beyond conducting two rounds of literature review, this research used multiple data collection methods within the context of the studied living lab cases. These included two rounds of semi-structured interviews with the living lab and innovation experts (24 interviews), four international workshops with 62 participants, and two rounds of open-ended questionnaires with 41 participants. A high-level analysis of the results from the three cases was also conducted through qualitative data coding, in which the results of all appended papers were reinterpreted, reorganized, synthesized and presented.

This study contributes to the research on participatory design in the information systems research field by focusing on voluntary user engagement in living labs when the innovation is not yet mature. In so doing, this dissertation provides the Plan–Act–Reflect user engagement framework, which investigates the issues of user engagement and incorporates the perspectives of both users and innovation and living lab experts. The analysis of the results illustrated that user engagement in the living lab context is not a linear process with pre-determined entry and exit points. Instead, it is an iterative process characterized by complex interplay between different engagement phases, including cognitive engagement (plan), realize engagement (act), and engagement commitment (reflect). The results of this study could help participatory design practitioners, living lab organizers, project planners and decision makers on a larger scale – such as that of urban living labs – to understand not only how to engage users in the innovation processes but also how to keep them engaged. This may be accomplished through every part of the process, from user preparation to implementation to testing and adoption of innovations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2020
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
participatory design, user engagement, user engagement framework, user perspective, commitment, living lab, innovation, test, adoption
National Category
Information Systems, Social aspects
Research subject
Information systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80563 (URN)978-91-7790-638-4 (ISBN)978-91-7790-639-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-21, A3024, Luleå university of technology, Luleå, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-08-26 Created: 2020-08-26 Last updated: 2020-09-18Bibliographically approved

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Habibipour, AbdolrasoulPadyab, AliBergvall-Kåreborn, BirgittaStåhlbröst, Anna

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