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Identification of ice mass accumulated on wind turbine blades using its natural frequencies
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8216-9464
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Product and Production Development.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6016-6342
2018 (English)In: Wind Engineering: The International Journal of Wind Power, ISSN 0309-524X, E-ISSN 2048-402X, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 66-84Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This work demonstrates a technique to identify information about the ice mass accumulation on wind turbine blades using its natural frequencies, and these frequencies reduce differently depending on the spatial distribution of ice mass along the blade length. An explicit relation to the natural frequencies of a 1-kW wind turbine blade is defined in terms of the location and quantity of ice mass using experimental modal analyses. An artificial neural network model is trained with a data set (natural frequencies and ice masses) generated using that explicit relation. After training, this artificial neural network model is given an input of natural frequencies of the iced blade (identified from experimental modal analysis) corresponding to 18 test cases, and it identified ice masses’ location and quantity with a weighted average percentage error value of 17.53%. The proposed technique is also demonstrated on the NREL 5-MW wind turbine blade data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2018. Vol. 42, no 1, p. 66-84
Keywords [en]
Wind turbine blade, ice detection, natural frequency, experimental modal analysis, artificial neural network
National Category
Applied Mechanics Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Computer Aided Design
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65213DOI: 10.1177/0309524X17723207ISI: 000419838000005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85040450029OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-65213DiVA, id: diva2:1134549
Projects
Wind power in cold climates
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency
Note

Validerad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-01-23 (andbra)

Available from: 2017-08-21 Created: 2017-08-21 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Detection of blade icing and its influence on wind turbine vibrations
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Detection of blade icing and its influence on wind turbine vibrations
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Wind turbine installations in extreme conditions like cold climate have increased over thelast few years and expected to grow in future in North America, Europe, and Asia regions due to good wind resources and land availability. Their installed capacity could reach 186 GW by the end of 2020. The cold climate sites impose the risk of ice accumulation on turbines during the winter due to the humidity at low temperatures. Since the atmospheric and operating conditions of the wind turbine leading to blade icing vary stochastically in space and time, the resulting ice accumulation is completely random, it is even different for turbines within the same site. Ice accumulation alters aerofoil shapes of the blade, affecting their aeroelastic behavior. The icing severity at different locations of the blade and their non-uniform distribution on blades have a distinct influence on turbine power output and vibrations. The current thesis proposes a methodology to investigate such behavior of wind turbines by considering the structural and aerodynamic property changes in the blade due to icing. An automated procedure is used to scale simulated/measured ice shape on aerofoil sections of the blade according to a specified ice mass distribution. The aeroelastic behavior of the blades is simulated considering the static aerodynamic coefficients of the iced aerofoil sections. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW baseline wind turbine model. The method can be leveraged to analyze the influence of icing on any wind turbine model. De/Anti-icing systems are installed on the turbines to mitigate the risks associated with icing. It is essential to detect icing at the early stage and initiate these systems to avoid production losses and limit the risks associated with ice throw. Ice accumulation increases blade mass and its spatial distribution changes natural frequencies of the blade. A detection technique is proposed in this thesis to characterize ice mass distribution on the blades based on its natural frequencies. The detection technique is validated using experiments on a small-scale cantilever beam and 1-kW wind turbine blade set-ups and its effectiveness is also verified on large-scale wind turbine blades using numerical models. The proposed technique has the potential for detecting ice masses on large wind turbines operating in cold climate as it requires only first few natural frequencies of the blade. These natural frequencies are usually excited by the turbulent wind in operation/standstill conditions and they can be estimated from the vibration measurements of the blade.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå University of Technology, 2019
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
National Category
Applied Mechanics Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Computer Aided Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-76460 (URN)978-91-7790-482-3 (ISBN)978-91-7790-483-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-12-06, E632, Lulea, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-21 Last updated: 2019-11-14Bibliographically approved

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Gantasala, SudhakarLuneno, Jean-ClaudeAidanpää, Jan-Olov

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