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Sustainable and energy efficient leaching of tungsten(W) by ultrasound controlled cavitation
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2955-2776
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4657-6844
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3255-3051
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering.
2017 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The project aims to use ultrasound controlled cavitation to achieve a more energy efficient leaching process. Locally, collapsing cavitation bubbles cause an extremely high pressure, shock waves and high temperature, which provide an opportunity to perform the leaching process at a much lower temperature than in an autoclave (20 bar overpressure and 220 ° C). The results show that the method works, but that a higher static pressure and thus temperatures are necessary to achieve a leaching recovery rate corresponding to today's autoclave technology. Another process parameter of importance is flow control and the initiation of cavitation bubbles that occur through a geometrically optimized nozzle (orifice plate). Numerical and experimental adaptation of the developed reactor with respect to the leaching conditions (Sodium hydroxide and Scheelite concentrate), required more time than expected. Best test results show that an energy supplement with ultrasonic controlled cavitation of 104 kWh / kg increases the leaching recovery by 21%. The leaching reagent temperature 60° C was determined regarding available reference data and was thought to be close to optimum for intensive cavitation in atmospheric pressure. Optimum temperature relates to the leaching reagent, vaporization temperature, density, boiling point, surface tension, and viscosity. Generally, for leaching is that higher temperatures are required to increase the chemical reaction rate (requires overpressure). The modified reactor principle provides stable results and is possible to scale up. Higher cavitation intensity for shorter finishing time and higher recovery rate require advanced flow induction, multiple excitation frequencies adapted to the optimized reactor geometry, as well as optimal process pressure and temperature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå tekniska universitet, 2017. , p. 20
Series
Research report / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1528
Keywords [en]
Ultrasound, Cavitation, Leaching, Scheelite, Vibro acoustic optimization
National Category
Mineral and Mine Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
Engineering Acoustics; Process Metallurgy
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66286ISBN: 978-91-7790-160-0 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-66286DiVA, id: diva2:1153012
Projects
Vinnova SIP-Strim
Funder
Vinnova, 2016-02620VinnovaAvailable from: 2017-10-27 Created: 2017-10-27 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved

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Johansson, ÖrjanPamidi, TarakaKhoshkhoo, MohammadSandström, Åke

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