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Growth of mold and rot fungi on copper-impregnated Scots pine sapwood: Influence of planing depth and inoculation pattern.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Wood Science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7864-8091
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Wood Science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3544-8716
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Wood Science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7711-9267
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Wood Science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4526-9391
2018 (English)In: BioResources, ISSN 1930-2126, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 8787-8801Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The biocidal properties of an industrially used copper-based preservative were evaluated at different planing depths on exposure of pine wood to mold fungi in direct and indirect contamination methods, with simultaneous verification of white rot fungi virulence on wood. The preservative was an aqueous solution of copper carbonate, 2-aminoethanol, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Full cell preservative impregnation efficiency against visual mold fungi growth was tested on sapwood surfaces planed to different depths before impregnation. The virulence of two white rot fungal strains of Trametes versicolor (441 and JPEI) against the dried non-impregnated and impregnated wood samples was also tested. The unplaned surface of impregnated timber was occupied by air-borne contaminants, such as Paecilomyces variottiand Aspergillus niger up to 30%, and, even after impregnation it was necessary to process the surface to avoid micro-fungi settlement. The virulence of the tested rot fungi strains was confirmed by the aggressive degradation of non-impregnated wood with a mass loss of over 40%. Both Trametes sp. strains degraded the preservative-impregnated wood with a mass loss of 3.1% to 4.8%, but degradation by the JPEI strain was more intensive and more dependent on planing depth than the other strain (441).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
North Carolina State University , 2018. Vol. 13, no 4, p. 8787-8801
National Category
Wood Science Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Wood Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71285DOI: 10.15376/biores.13.4.8787-8801ISI: 000454215100118Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85056570471OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-71285DiVA, id: diva2:1257396
Note

Validerad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-10-30 (svasva)

Available from: 2018-10-19 Created: 2018-10-19 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Effectiveness and Evaluation of Wood Protection against Biological Deterioration Caused by Filamentous Fungi
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effectiveness and Evaluation of Wood Protection against Biological Deterioration Caused by Filamentous Fungi
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Developing a holistic understanding of the biological deterioration of wooden material by fungi in the laboratory and outdoor conditions requires the development of new assessment procedures and tools that allow describing the process with maximum precision and accuracy. Environmental biodeterioration is a complex process including a combination of physical, chemical and biological changes, with many uncertainties limiting the predictability and effectiveness of selected preservatives after laboratory tests. Therefore, in the current thesis, the investigation of the effectiveness of selected wood process parameters and protection systems against fungal growth and evaluation of the applicability of near-infrared spectroscopy for wooden surfaces assessment under fungal attack were accomplished.  The mould attack on copper impregnated Scots pine sapwood regulated to a greater extent by planing depth than by the infection method. Air-borne contaminants can heavily occupy the unplaned surfaces, but the extent of such occupation could be reduced with planing and impregnation solutions. Despite the vulnerability of the differently planed and copper-impregnated wood towards mould fungi, mass loss of that wood degraded by white-rot Trametes versicolor was less than 5%. The distribution, quantity, and nature of lipophilic substances beneath the surface in the air- and kiln-dried Scots pine sapwood boards significantly influenced mould fungi attack. It was found that the concentration of total extractives was significantly higher in kiln-dried than in air-dried samples and was higher close to the surface than in the layers beneath. During kiln-drying, a migration front is created at a depth of 0.25 mm with a thickness of about 0.5 mm. The evidence from the previous study is committed to understanding the influence of extractives and other migrating compounds on the unplanned surface and, consequently, on mould growth on that surface of Scots pine sapwood subjected to air and kiln drying. Therefore, a multivariate regression model was developed.  The thermal modification at different temperatures of exotic African wood influenced the chemistry. Iroko wood demonstrated stabilisation of pH and different patterns of chemical changes compared to padouk.  The open process of wood treatment like heating-and-cooling (i.e. fully soaking heated wood in cold liquor allowing the liquor to penetrate wood partially) can improve wood performance by developing a protective layer beneath the surface on heat-induced curing. However, the applied methacrylic resin demonstrated effectiveness during laboratory testing for biodeterioration but did not perform efficiently during outdoor tests.  The test of available commercially of generally recognised as safe (GRAS) compounds and biocidal treatment in laboratory conditions revealed a moderate inhibition effect on protection against biodeterioration.  Hyperspectral imaging in the NIR region could be applied to classify thermally modified wood but not for air/kiln-dried Scots pine wood. The use of a portable microNIR spectrometer efficiently demonstrated the separation of no mould and mould specimens in laboratory tests of Scots pine and allowed classifying boards treated with commercial biocides after outdoor weathering. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2021
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
National Category
Wood Science
Research subject
Wood Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87553 (URN)978-91-7790-960-6 (ISBN)978-91-7790-961-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-17, A193, Skelleftea, 00:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-10-19 Created: 2021-10-19 Last updated: 2021-11-26Bibliographically approved

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Publisher's full textScopushttps://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/issues/vol13-issue4/page/13/

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Myronycheva, OlenaSehlstedt-Persson, MargotKarlsson, OlovSandberg, Dick

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