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Towards using soil water content observations for calibration of distributed urban drainage models: [Vers l’utilisation d'observations de teneur en eau du sol pour le calage de modèles distribués d’assainissement urbain]
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6907-8127
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2321-164x
DHI Sweden AB, Södra Tullgatan 3, 211 40 Malmö, Sweden.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0367-3449
Show others and affiliations
2019 (English)In: 10e Conférence internationale L'eau dans la ville: Programme et résumés [Urban water: Programme and abstracts], GRAIE , 2019, p. 124-124Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Fully distributed urban drainage models can be used to analyse and predict the behaviour of green urban drainage infrastructure such as swales, but they need to be calibrated for specific study sites. Using only drainage outflow measurements may not provide enough information to do this in an optimal way, so additional types of measurements have to be considered. This study identifies different approaches to including soil water content (SWC) observations in the calibration process and investigates how they affect parameter identifiability and the predictive uncertainty of the calibrated model. This is done using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation methodology applied to a model of a large urban swale. It was found that setting initial conditions based on the SWC measurements improved the fit between observed and simulated SWC, but also reduced the accuracy of the simulated amount of infiltration. Including SWC observations allowed to identify one parameter (saturated moisture content of the swale bottom) that was not identifiable from outflow measurements alone. Including SWC observations in the derivation of predictive uncertainty bounds made those bounds narrower (more precise), but where SWC had been used to set initial conditions the uncertainty bound failed to capture the observations. It is concluded that SWC observations can provide useful information for the calibration of distributed urban drainage models.

Abstract [fr]

Les modèles d'assainissement urbain entièrement distribués peuvent être utilisés pour analyser et prédire le comportement des infrastructures vertes d'assainissement urbain comme les noues, mais ils doivent être calibrés pour des sites d'étude spécifiques. Le fait de n'utiliser que les mesures des décharges issues de l'assainissement peut se révéler insuffisant pour y parvenir de manière optimale, d'où la nécessité d'envisager d'autres types de mesures. Cette étude identifie différentes approches pour inclure dans le processus de calibrage les observations sur la teneur en eau du sol (SWC) et examine comment elles affectent l'identifiabilité des paramètres et l'incertitude prédictive du modèle calibré. Pour cela, la méthode d'estimation généralisée de l'incertitude de probabilité est appliquée à un modèle d'une grande noue urbaine. Il s'est avéré que l'établissement de conditions initiales basées sur les mesures de la SWC améliorait la correspondance entre les SWC observées et simulées, mais réduisait également la précision du degré simulé d'infiltration. L'inclusion desobservations de la SWC a permis d'identifier un paramètre (la teneur en humidité saturée du fond de la noue) qui n'était pas identifiable par les seules mesures des décharges. L'inclusion des observations de la SWC dans la dérivation des limites d'incertitude prédictives a rendu ces limites plus précises, mais lorsque la SWC avait été utilisée pour établir les conditions initiales, la limite d'incertitude n'a pas reflété ces observations. Il est conclu que les observations de la SWC peuvent fournir des informations utiles pour le calibrage des modèles distribués d'assainissement urbain.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
GRAIE , 2019. p. 124-124
Keywords [en]
calibration, distributed models, parameter identifiability, predictive uncertainty, soil water content
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73293OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-73293DiVA, id: diva2:1298702
Conference
10th international Novatech conference, Lyon, France, July 1-5, 2019
Projects
Reliable modeling of green infrastructure in green urban catchmentsAssessment and modelling of green infrastructure for urban catchments
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2015-121Swedish Research Council Formas, 2015-778Available from: 2019-03-25 Created: 2019-03-25 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Uncertainties in rainfall-runoff modelling of green urban drainage systems: Measurements, data selection and model structure
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Uncertainties in rainfall-runoff modelling of green urban drainage systems: Measurements, data selection and model structure
2019 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Osäkerheter i hydrologisk modellering av gröna dagvattensystem : Mätningar, urval av data och modellstruktur
Abstract [en]

Green urban drainage systems are used to avoid flooding and damages to people and property, while limiting the downstream flooding and water quality problems caused by pipe-based drainage systems. Computer models are used to analyse and predict the performance of such systems for design and operation purposes. Such models are simplifications of reality and based on uncertain measured data, so uncertainties will be involved in the modelling process and its outcomes, which can affect the design and operation of these systems. These uncertainties have been investigated extensively for traditional pipe-based urban drainage systems, but not yet for green alternatives. Therefore, the overall objective of this thesis is to contribute to improved applicability and reliability of computer models of green urban drainage systems. Specifically, the thesis aims to (1) improve understanding of the uncertainties arising from (a) model structure and (b) calibration data selection, (2) evaluate two alternative calibration methods for green urban drainage models, (3) discuss desirable structural features in urban drainage models, and (4) evaluate several sensors for hydrometeorological measurements in urban catchments.

The effects of model structure uncertainty were investigated using long-term simulations of synthetic catchments with varying soil types and depths for three different models. First, it was found that surface runoff could be a significant part of the annual water balance in all three models, depending on the soil type and depth considered. Second, differences were found in how sensitive the different models were to changes in soil type and depth. Third, the variation between different models was often large compared to the variation between different soil types. Fourth, the magnitude of inter-annual and inter-event variation varied between the models. Overall, the findings indicate that significant differences may occur in urban drainage modelling studies, depending on which model is used, and this may affect the design or operation of such systems.

The uncertainty from calibration data selection was investigated primarily by calibrating both a low- and high-resolution stormwater model using different sets of events. These event sets used different rainfall-runoff statistics to rank all observed events before selecting the top six for use in calibration. In addition, they varied by either calibrating all parameters simultaneously, or by calibrating parameters for impervious and pervious surfaces separately. This last approach sped up the calibration process. In the validation period the high-resolution models performed better than their low-resolution counterparts and the two-stage calibrations matched runoff volume and peak flows better than single-stage calibrations. Overall, the way in which the calibration events are selected was shown to have a major impact on the performance of the calibrated model.

Calibration data selection was also investigated by examining different ways of including soil water content (SWC) observations in the calibration process of a model of a swale. Some model parameters could be identified from SWC, but not from outflow observations. Including SWC in the model evaluation affected the precision of swale outflow predictions. Different ways of setting initial conditions in the model (observations or an equilibrium condition) affected both of these findings.

The precipitation sensors used in this thesis showed generally satisfactory performance in field calibration checks. Different types of precipitation sensors were associated with different requirements for maintenance and data acquisition. Sensors for sewer pipe flow rates showed good agreement with a reference instrument in the laboratory, as long as installation conditions were good. Higher pipe slopes and upstream obstacles lead to larger measurement errors, but this last effect was reduced by increasing water levels in the pipe. Sensor fouling was a source of errors and gaps in field measurements, showing that regular maintenance is required. The findings show that the evaluated flow sensors can perform satisfactorily, if measurement sites are carefully selected.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2019
Series
Licentiate thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1757
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73367 (URN)978-91-7790-354-3 (ISBN)978-91-7790-355-0 (ISBN)
Presentation
2019-06-05, E632, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
Reliable modeling of green infrastructure in green urban catchmentsAssessment and modeling of green infrastructure for urban catchments
Available from: 2019-04-04 Created: 2019-04-01 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved

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Broekhuizen, IcoRujner, HendrikLeonhardt, GüntherViklander, Maria

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