The chapter deals with chorale-based organ works by German composers from the early 17th century to the late 19th century that have been given the title of fantasia or Fantasie, either by the composer or by later generations. The emphasis is twofold: the use of the term for baroque pieces, including the history of the label “chorale fantasia” for compositions of the north German baroque, and the emergence of the modern (“romantic”) chorale fantasy around the middle of the 19^th century. The(im)possibility of a relationship between these two types of chorale-based works is also discussed.