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A realistic view on heat reuse from direct free air-cooled data centres
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5864-0670
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4473-0016
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Energy Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4532-4530
Rise ICE Datacenter, 973 47 Luleå, Sweden.
2023 (English)In: Energy Conversion and Management: X, E-ISSN 2590-1745, Vol. 20, article id 100473Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper examines the opportunities to reuse excess heat from direct free air-cooled data centres without incorporating heat pumps to upgrade the heat. The operation of a data centre in northern Sweden, Luleå, was simulated for a year. It was established that heat losses through the thermal envelope and from the humidification of the cooling airflow influenced the momentary energy reuse factor, iERF, with up to 7%. However, for the annual energy reuse factor, ERF, the heat losses could be neglected since they annually contributed to an error of less than 1%. It was shown that the ideal heat reuse temperature in Luleå was 13, 17, and 18 °C with an exhaust temperature of 30, 40 and 50 °C. The resulting ERF was 0.50, 0.59 and 0.66, meaning that a higher exhaust temperature resulted in potentially higher heat reuse. It could also be seen that raising the exhaust temperature lowered the power usage effectiveness, PUE, due to more efficient cooling. Using heat reuse applications with different heat reuse temperatures closer to the monthly average instead of an ideal heat reuse temperature for the whole year improved the ERF further. The improvement was 11–31% where a lower exhaust temperature meant a higher relative improvement.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2023. Vol. 20, article id 100473
Keywords [en]
Data centre, Energy reuse factor, Excess heat, Heat recovery, Heat reuse, Waste heat
National Category
Energy Engineering
Research subject
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-102311DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100473ISI: 001097565900001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85174895802OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-102311DiVA, id: diva2:1809868
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 43090-2EU, Horizon 2020, 768875
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-11-15 (hanlid);

Full text license: CC BY

Available from: 2023-11-06 Created: 2023-11-06 Last updated: 2024-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Markeby Ljungqvist, HampusRisberg, MikaelToffolo, AndreaVesterlund, Mattias

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