Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Krone-Martins, A.; Ducourant, C.; Galluccio, L.; Delchambre, L.; Oreshina-Slezak, I.; Teixeira, R.; Braine, J.; Le Campion, J. F.; Mignard, F.; Roux, W.; Blazere, A.; Pegoraro, L.; Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; De Bruijne, J. H. J.; Arenou, F.; Babusiaux, C.; Barbier, A.; Biermann, M.; Creevey, O. L.; Evans, D. W.; Eyer, L.; Guerra, R.; Hutton, A.; Jordi, C.; Klioner, S. A.; Lammers, U.; Lindegren, L.; Luri, X.; Randich, S.; Sartoretti, P.; Smiljanic, R.; Tanga, P.; Walton, N. A.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Bastian, U.; Cropper, M.; Drimmel, R.; Katz, D.; Soubiran, C.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Audard, M.; Bakker, J.; Blomme, R.; Castañeda, J.; De Angeli, F.; Fabricius, C.; Fouesneau, M.; Frémat, Y.; Guerrier, A.; Masana, E.; Messineo, R.; Nicolas, C.; Nienartowicz, K.; Pailler, F.; Panuzzo, P.; Riclet, F.; Seabroke, G. M.; Sordo, R.; Thévenin, F.; Gracia-Abril, G.; Portell, J.; Teyssier, D.; Altmann, M.; Benson, K.; Berthier, J.; Burgess, P. W.; Busonero, D.; Busso, G.; Cánovas, H.; Carry, B.; Cheek, N.; Clementini, G.; Damerdji, Y.; Davidson, M.; De Teodoro, P.; Dell' Oro, A.; Fraile Garcia, E.; Garabato, D.; García-Lario, P.; Garralda Torres, N.; Gavras, P.; Haigron, R.; Hambly, N. C.; Harrison, D. L.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Hernández, J.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Holl, B.; Jamal, S.; Jordan, S.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Löffler, W.; Lorca, A.; Marchal, O.; Marrese, P. M.; Moitinho, A.; Muinonen, K.; Nuñez Campos, M.; Osborne, P.; Pancino, E.; Pauwels, T.; Recio-Blanco, A.; Riello, M.; Rimoldini, L.; Robin, A. C.; Roegiers, T.; Sarro, L. M.; Schultheis, M.; Siopis, C.; Smith, M.; Sozzetti, A.; Utrilla, E.; Van Leeuwen, M.; Weingrill, K.; Abbas, U.; Ábrahám, P.; Abreu Aramburu, A.; Aerts, C.; Altavilla, G.; Álvarez, M. A.; Alves, J.; Anderson, R. I.; Antoja, T.; Baines, D.; Baker, S. G.; Balog, Z.; Barache, C.; Barbato, D.; Barros, M.; Barstow, M. A.; Bartolomé, S.; Bashi, D.; Bauchet, N.; Baudeau, N.; Becciani, U.; Bedin, L. R.; Bellas-Velidis, I.; Bellazzini, M.; Beordo, W.; Berihuete, A.; Bernet, M.; Bertolotto, C.; Bertone, S.; Bianchi, L.; Binnenfeld, A.; Boch, T.; Bombrun, A.; Bouquillon, S.; Bragaglia, A.; Bramante, L.; Breedt, E.; Bressan, A.; Brouillet, N.; Brugaletta, E.; Bucciarelli, B.; Butkevich, A. G.; Buzzi, R.; Caffau, E.; Cancelliere, R.; Cannizzo, S.; Carballo, R.; Carlucci, T.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carrasco, J. M.; Carretero, J.; Carton, S.; Casamiquela, L.; Castellani, M.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Cesare, V.; Charlot, P.; Chemin, L.; Chiaramida, V.; Chiavassa, A.; Chornay, N.; Collins, R.; Contursi, G.; Cooper, W. J.; Cornez, T.; Crosta, M.; Crowley, C.; Dafonte, C.; De Laverny, P.; De Luise, F.; De March, R.; De Souza, R.; De Torres, A.; Del Peloso, E. F.; Delbo, M.; Delgado, A.; Dharmawardena, T. E.; Diakite, S.; Diener, C.; Distefano, E.; Dolding, C.; Dsilva, K.; Durán, J.; Enke, H.; Esquej, P.; Fabre, C.; Fabrizio, M.; Faigler, S.; Fatović, M.; Fedorets, G.; Fernández-Hernández, J.; Fernique, P.; Figueras, F.; Fournier, Y.; Fouron, C.; Gai, M.; Galinier, M.; Garcia-Gutierrez, A.; García-Torres, M.; Garofalo, A.; Gerlach, E.; Geyer, R.; Giacobbe, P.; Gilmore, G.; Girona, S.; Giuffrida, G.; Gomel, R.; Gomez, A.; González-Núñez, J.; González-Santamaría, I.; Gosset, E.; Granvik, Mikael; Gregori Barrera, V.; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.; Haywood, M.; Helmer, A.; Helmi, A.; Henares, K.; Hidalgo, S. L.; Hilger, T.; Hobbs, D.; Hottier, C.; Huckle, H. E.; Jabłońska, M.; Jansen, F.; Jiménez-Arranz, Ó; Juaristi Campillo, J.; Khanna, S.; Kordopatis, G.; Kóspál, Á; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; Kun, M.; Lambert, S.; Lanza, A. F.; Lebreton, Y.; Lebzelter, T.; Leccia, S.; Lecoeur-Taibi, I.; Lecoutre, G.; Liao, S.; Liberato, L.; Licata, E.; Lindstrøm, H. E. P.; Lister, T. A.; Livanou, E.; Lobel, A.; Loup, C.; Mahy, L.; Mann, R. G.; Manteiga, M.; Marchant, J. M.; Marconi, M.; Marín Pina, D.; Marinoni, S.; Marshall, D. J.; Martín Lozano, J.; Martín-Fleitas, J. M.; Marton, G.; Mary, N.; Masip, A.; Massari, D.; Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.; Mazeh, T.; McMillan, P. J.; Meichsner, J.; Messina, S.; Michalik, D.; Millar, N. R.; Mints, A.; Molina, D.; Molinaro, R.; Molnár, L.; Monari, G.; Monguió, M.; Montegriffo, P.; Montero, A.; Mor, R.; Mora, A.; Morbidelli, R.; Morel, T.; Morris, D.; Mowlavi, N.; Munoz, D.; Muraveva, T.; Murphy, C. P.; Musella, I.; Nagy, Z.; Nieto, S.; Noval, L.; Ogden, A.; Ordenovic, C.; Pagani, C.; Pagano, I.; Palaversa, L.; Palicio, P. A.; Pallas-Quintela, L.; Panahi, A.; Panem, C.; Payne-Wardenaar, S.; Penttilä, A.; Pesciullesi, P.; Piersimoni, A. M.; Pinamonti, M.; Pineau, F. X.; Plachy, E.; Plum, G.; Poggio, E.; Pourbaix, D.; Prša, A.; Pulone, L.; Racero, E.; Rainer, M.; Raiteri, C. M.; Ramos, P.; Ramos-Lerate, M.; Ratajczak, M.; Re Fiorentin, P.; Regibo, S.; Reylé, C.; Ripepi, V.; Riva, A.; Rix, H. W.; Rixon, G.; Robichon, N.; Robin, C.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Rowell, N.; Royer, F.; Ruz Mieres, D.; Rybicki, K. A.; Sadowski, G.; Sáez Núñez, A.; Sagristà Sellés, A.; Sahlmann, J.; Sanchez Gimenez, V.; Sanna, N.; Santoveña, R.; Sarasso, M.; Sarrate Riera, C.; Sciacca, E.; Segovia, J. C.; Ségransan, D.; Shahaf, S.; Siebert, A.; Siltala, L.; Slezak, E.; Smart, R. L.; Snaith, O. N.; Solano, E.; Solitro, F.; Souami, D.; Souchay, J.; Spina, L.; Spitoni, E.; Spoto, F.; Squillante, L. A.; Steele, I. A.; Steidelmüller, H.; Surdej, J.; Szabados, L.; Taris, F.; Taylor, M. B.; Tisanić, K.; Tolomei, L.; Torra, F.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Trabucchi, M.; Tsantaki, M.; Ulla, A.; Unger, N.; Vanel, O.; Vecchiato, A.; Vicente, D.; Voutsinas, S.; Weiler, M.; Wyrzykowski, Ł; Zhao, H.; Zorec, J.; Zwitter, T.; Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Leclerc, N.; Morgenthaler, S.; Robert, G.; Zucker, S.

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Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Krone-Martins, A.

Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; CENTRA, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2308-6623

Ducourant, C.

Laboratoire d' astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4843-8979

Galluccio, L.

Université Côte d' Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d' Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l' Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8541-0476

Delchambre, L.

Institut d' Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2559-408X

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2024 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 685, article id A130Article in journal (Refereed) Published

Abstract [en]

Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of 0.18âÃ Â€ ³ in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses.

Aims. We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars.

Methods. GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates.

Results. We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6âÃ Â€ ³ of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising ones. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages

EDP Sciences, 2024. Vol. 685, article id A130

Keywords [en]

gravitation, gravitational lensing: strong, methods: data analysis, catalogs, surveys, quasars: general

National Category

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Research subject

Onboard Space Systems

Identifiers

URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-105779DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347273ISI: 001271538700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85194157805OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-105779DiVA, id: diva2:1864785

Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-11-28 (sarsun);

Full text license: CC BY 4.0;

Funder: for funder information see Appendix C in https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347273

Available from: 2024-06-04 Created: 2024-06-04 Last updated: 2025-04-25Bibliographically approved

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Granvik, Mikael

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