Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

Panuzzo, P.; Mazeh, T.; Arenou, F.; Holl, B.; Caffau, E.; Jorissen, A.; Babusiaux, C.; Gavras, P.; Sahlmann, J.; Bastian, U.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Eyer, L.; Leclerc, N.; Bauchet, N.; Bombrun, A.; Mowlavi, N.; Seabroke, G. M.; Teyssier, D.; Balbinot, E.; Helmi, A.; Brown, A. G.A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; De Bruijne, J. H.J.; Barbier, A.; Biermann, M.; Creevey, O. L.; Ducourant, C.; Evans, D. W.; Guerra, R.; Hutton, A.; Jordi, C.; Klioner, S. A.; Lammers, U.; Lindegren, L.; Luri, X.; Mignard, F.; Nicolas, C.; Randich, S.; Sartoretti, P.; Smiljanic, R.; Tanga, P.; Walton, N. A.; Aerts, C.; Bailer-Jones, C. A.L.; Cropper, M.; Drimmel, R.; Jansen, F.; Katz, D.; Lattanzi, M. G.; Soubiran, C.; Thévenin, F.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Andrae, R.; Audard, M.; Bakker, J.; Blomme, R.; Castañeda, J.; De Angeli, F.; Fabricius, C.; Fouesneau, M.; Frémat, Y.; Galluccio, L.; Guerrier, A.; Heiter, U.; Masana, E.; Messineo, R.; Nienartowicz, K.; Pailler, F.; Riclet, F.; Roux, W.; Sordo, R.; Gracia-Abril, G.; Portell, J.; Altmann, M.; Benson, K.; Berthier, J.; Burgess, P. W.; Busonero, D.; Busso, G.; Cacciari, C.; Cánovas, H.; Carrasco, J. M.; Carry, B.; Cellino, A.; Cheek, N.; Clementini, G.; Damerdji, Y.; Davidson, M.; De Teodoro, P.; Delchambre, L.; Della Oro, A.; Fraile Garcia, E.; Garabato, D.; García-Lario, P.; Haigron, R.; Hambly, N. C.; Harrison, D. L.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Hernández, J.; Hestroffer, D.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Jamal, S.; Jevardat De Fombelle, G.; Jordan, S.; Krone-Martins, A.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Löffler, W.; Lorca, A.; Marchal, O.; Marrese, P. M.; Moitinho, A.; Muinonen, K.; Nuñez Campos, M.; Oreshina-Slezak, I.; Osborne, P.; Pancino, E.; Pauwels, T.; Recio-Blanco, A.; Riello, M.; Rimoldini, L.; Robin, A. C.; Roegiers, T.; Sarro, L. M.; Schultheis, M.; Smith, M.; Sozzetti, A.; Utrilla, E.; Van Leeuwen, M.; Weingrill, K.; Abbas, U.; Ábrahám, P.; Abreu Aramburu, A.; Ahmed, S.; Altavilla, G.; Álvarez, M. A.; Anders, F.; Anderson, R. I.; Anglada Varela, E.; Antoja, T.; Baig, S.; Baines, D.; Baker, S. G.; Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Balog, Z.; Barache, C.; Barros, M.; Barstow, M. A.; Bartolomé, S.; Bashi, D.; Bassilana, J. L.; Baudeau, N.; Becciani, U.; Bedin, L. R.; Bellas-Velidis, I.; Bellazzini, M.; Beordo, W.; Bernet, M.; Bertolotto, C.; Bertone, S.; Bianchi, L.; Binnenfeld, A.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Bland-Hawthorn, J.; Blazere, A.; Boch, T.; Bossini, D.; Bouquillon, S.; Bragaglia, A.; Braine, J.; Bratsolis, E.; Breedt, E.; Bressan, A.; Brouillet, N.; Brugaletta, E.; Bucciarelli, B.; Butkevich, A. G.; Buzzi, R.; Camut, A.; Cancelliere, R.; Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Capilla Guilarte, D.; Carballo, R.; Carlucci, T.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carretero, J.; Carton, S.; Casamiquela, L.; Casey, A.; Castellani, M.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Ceraj, L.; Cesare, V.; Charlot, P.; Chaudet, C.; Chemin, L.; Chiavassa, A.; Chornay, N.; Chosson, D.; Cooper, W. J.; Cornez, T.; Cowell, S.; Crosta, M.; Crowley, C.; Cruz Reyes, M.; Dafonte, C.; Dal Ponte, M.; David, M.; De Laverny, P.; De Luise, F.; De March, R.; De Torres, A.; Del Peloso, E. F.; Delbo, M.; Delgado, A.; Delisle, J. B.; Demouchy, C.; Denis, E.; Dharmawardena, T. E.; Di Giacomo, F.; Diener, C.; Distefano, E.; Dolding, C.; Dsilva, K.; Enke, H.; Fabre, C.; Fabrizio, M.; Faigler, S.; Fatoviä, M.; Fedorets, G.; Fernández-Hernández, J.; Fernique, P.; Figueras, F.; Fouron, C.; Fragkoudi, F.; Gai, M.; Galinier, M.; Garcia-Serrano, A.; García-Torres, M.; Garofalo, A.; Gerlach, E.; Geyer, R.; Giacobbe, P.; Gilmore, G.; Girona, S.; Giuffrida, G.; Gomboc, A.; Gomez, A.; González-Santamaría, I.; Gosset, E.; Granvik, Mikael; Gregori Barrera, V.; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.; Haywood, M.; Helmer, A.; Hidalgo, S. L.; Hilger, T.; Hobbs, D.; Hottier, C.; Huckle, H. E.; Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.; Juaristi Campillo, J.; Kaczmarek, Z.; Kervella, P.; Khanna, S.; Kontizas, M.; Kordopatis, G.; Korn, A. J.; Kóspál, Á.; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; KruszyåÃ Â Ska, K.; Kun, M.; Lambert, S.; Lanza, A. F.; Lebreton, Y.; Lebzelter, T.; Leccia, S.; Lecoutre, G.; Liao, S.; Liberato, L.; Licata, E.; Livanou, E.; Lobel, A.; López-Miralles, J.; Loup, C.; Madarász, M.; Mahy, L.; Mann, R. G.; Manteiga, M.; Marcellino, C. P.; Marchant, J. M.; Marconi, M.; Marín Pina, D.; Marinoni, S.; Marshall, D. J.; Martín Lozano, J.; Martin Polo, L.; Martín-Fleitas, J. M.; Marton, G.; Mascarenhas, D.; Masip, A.; Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.; McMillan, P. J.; Meichsner, J.; Merc, J.; Messina, S.; Millar, N. R.; Mints, A.; Mohamed, D.; Molina, D.; Molinaro, R.; Molnár, L.; Monguió, M.; Montegriffo, P.; Monti, L.; Mora, A.; Morbidelli, R.; Morris, D.; Mudimadugula, R.; Muraveva, T.; Musella, I.; Nagy, Z.; Nardetto, N.; Navarrete, C.; Oh, S.; Ordenovic, C.; Orenstein, O.; Pagani, C.; Pagano, I.; Palaversa, L.; Palicio, P. A.; Pallas-Quintela, L.; Pawlak, M.; Penttilä, A.; Pesciullesi, P.; Pinamonti, M.; Plachy, E.; Planquart, L.; Plum, G.; Poggio, E.; Pourbaix, D.; Price-Whelan, A. M.; Pulone, L.; Rabin, V.; Rainer, M.; Raiteri, C. M.; Ramos, P.; Ramos-Lerate, M.; Ratajczak, M.; Re Fiorentin, P.; Regibo, S.; Reylé, C.; Ripepi, V.; Riva, A.; Rix, H. W.; Rixon, G.; Robert, G.; Robichon, N.; Robin, C.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Rowell, N.; Ruz Mieres, D.; Rybicki, K. A.; Sadowski, G.; Sagristà Sellés, A.; Sanna, N.; Santoveña, R.; Sarasso, M.; Sarmiento, M. H.; Sarrate Riera, C.; Sciacca, E.; Ségransan, D.; Semczuk, M.; Shahaf, S.; Siebert, A.; Slezak, E.; Smart, R. L.; Snaith, O. N.; Solano, E.; Solitro, F.; Souami, D.; Souchay, J.; Spitoni, E.; Spoto, F.; Squillante, L. A.; Steele, I. A.; Steidelmüller, H.; Surdej, J.; Szabados, L.; Taris, F.; Taylor, M. B.; Teixeira, R.; Tepper-Garcia, T.; Thuillot, W.; Tolomei, L.; Tonello, N.; Torra, F.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Trabucchi, M.; Trentin, E.; Tsantaki, M.; Turon, C.; Ulla, A.; Unger, N.; Valtchanov, I.; Vanel, O.; Vecchiato, A.; Vicente, D.; Villar, E.; Weiler, M.; Zhao, H.; Zorec, J.; Zucker, S.; Župiä, A.; Zwitter, T.

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Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

Panuzzo, P.

GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0016-8271

Mazeh, T.

School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3569-3391

Arenou, F.

GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2837-3899

Holl, B.

Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland; Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin da Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6220-3266

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2024 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 686, article id L2Article in journal (Refereed) Published

Abstract [en]

Context. Gravitational waves from black-hole (BH) merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models-And also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars.

Aims. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors.

Methods. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions.

Results. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70a ±a 0.82aM- BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc.

Conclusions. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages

EDP Sciences, 2024. Vol. 686, article id L2

Keywords [en]

astrometry, binaries: spectroscopic, stars: black holes, stars: evolution, stars: massive, stars: Population II

National Category

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Research subject

Onboard Space Systems

Identifiers

URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-106125DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449763ISI: 001261429100001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85194947351OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-106125DiVA, id: diva2:1867025

Note

Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-12-02 (signyg);

Funder: for funder information see Appendix F in https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449763;

Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Available from: 2024-06-10 Created: 2024-06-10 Last updated: 2024-12-02Bibliographically approved

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