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RTFM-core: Language and Implementation
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1791-535X
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5311-1781
ISEP, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto.
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2015 (English)In: 2015 IEEE 10th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA): Auckland, 15-17 June 2015, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2015, p. 990-995, article id 7334252Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Robustness, real-time properties and resource efficiency are key properties to embedded devices of the CPS/IoT era. In this paper we propose a language approach RTFMcore, and show its potential to facilitate the development process and provide highly efficient and statically verifiable implementations. Our programming model is reactive, based on the familiar notions of concurrent tasks and (single-unit) resources. The language is kept minimalistic, capturing the static task, communication and resource structure of the system. Whereas C-source can be arbitrarily embedded in the model, and/or externally referenced, the instep to mainstream development is minimal, and a smooth transition of legacy code is possible. A prototype compiler implementation for RTFM-core is presented. The compiler generates C-code output that compiled together withtheRTFM-kernelprimitivesrunsonbaremetal.TheRTFMkernel guarantees deadlock-lock free execution and efficiently exploits the underlying interrupt hardware for static priority scheduling and resource management under the Stack Resource Policy. This allows a plethora of well-known methods to static verification (response time analysis, stack memory analysis, etc.) to be readily applied. The proposed language and supporting tool-chain is demonstrated by showing the complete process from RTFM-core source code into bare metal executables for a lightweight ARM-Cortex M3 target.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Communications Society, 2015. p. 990-995, article id 7334252
National Category
Embedded Systems
Research subject
Embedded System
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-39731DOI: 10.1109/ICIEA.2015.7334252Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84960919182Local ID: e965493c-10db-44b6-9031-ca7acaf56f68ISBN: 978-1-4799-8389-6 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-39731DiVA, id: diva2:1013248
Conference
IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications : 15/06/2015 - 17/06/2015
Note
Validerad; 2016; Nivå 1; 20150916 (maalin)Available from: 2016-10-03 Created: 2016-10-03 Last updated: 2023-09-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. !secure(system) <=?=> !safe(system): On Security and Safety of Industrial Software Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>!secure(system) <=?=> !safe(system): On Security and Safety of Industrial Software Systems
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The focus of our research work is on readily accessible, embedded, real-time development with concurrency support. To this end, we develop the Real-Time For the Masses (RTFM) programming framework with a model of computation based on tasks and resources and that stipulates a timing semantics. Typically, hard real-time requirements are a characteristic of safety-critical applications. In contrast to runtime verification, such applications primarily require static assurances concerning safety and security attributes. This thesis discusses the building blocks for a statically analyzable programming paradigm for embedded real-time applications and its implementation. Svenska kraftnät funded the research presented in this thesis and set the scope to industrial automation. Consequently, we also investigate the applicability of our RTFM framework for scheduling and resource management for the runtime environments of industrial applications. We start by reviewing relevant and well-established industry standards to build background knowledge of the state-of-the-art safety and security requirements in software development. Special attention is placed on the IEC 61131 and IEC 61499 standards for industrial software development and their programming and execution model. We show the feasibility of using IEC 61499 as a holistic, distributed, and hierarchical model with mappings from the functional layer (IEC 61499 function block networks) and safety layer (PLCopen safety function blocks) to RTFM. We also demonstrate that our Rust-based RTFM implementation enables static verification for a myriad of safety and security attributes. Moreover, our investigations reveal a mutual dependency of safety and security in the context of software systems. For this reason, we believe and argue that safety and security cannot be considered independent during the design and implementation of safety-critical applications. Upon closer examination, we even conclude that safety and security are equivalent.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2019
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
embedded systems, hard real-time, concurrency, model of computation, safety-critical, safety, security, industrial automation, RTFM, real-time for the masses
National Category
Embedded Systems
Research subject
Embedded Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73059 (URN)978-91-7790-320-8 (ISBN)978-91-7790-321-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-05-08, A3024, Luleå, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2019-03-01 Created: 2019-02-27 Last updated: 2019-09-26Bibliographically approved

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Lindgren, PerLindner, MarcusLindner, Andreas

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