Confinement of axially loaded concrete members in existing structures is required when a change in use is expected or when there is a need to upgrade the structure to meet current design standards. In addition, after unusual overloading events (e.g., earthquakes), axially loaded members can suffer damage that increases the need of their retrofitting by means of confinement. The study of fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites for confinement of compression members has gained attention in recent years due to the capability to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with more traditional strengthening techniques. However, the available experimental evidence is still scarce, and research on the topic is necessary. In this paper, the results of an experimental campaign performed on concrete cylinders confined with FRCM jackets are presented. Before strengthening, some specimens were preloaded in order to achieve specified damage levels. The specimens were then subjected to uniaxial concentric compressive loading. The axial load and axial strain response was recorded for each specimen. In addition, the elastic modulus of confined and unconfined specimens was determined. Results show that confinement with FRCM composites is able to provide an increase in the axial capacity of undamaged and damaged concrete cylinders.