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Personalisation of warfarin therapy using thermal ink-jet printing
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Medical Science. Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2645-5719
Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London.
Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London.
Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London.
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2018 (English)In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0928-0987, E-ISSN 1879-0720, Vol. 117, p. 80-87Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant that is critical in reducing patient morbidity and mortality associated with thromboembolic disorders. However, its narrow therapeutic index and large inter-individual variability can lead to complex dosage regimes. Formulating warfarin as an orodispersible film (ODF) using thermal ink-jet (TIJ) printing could enable personalisation of therapy to simplify administration. Commercial TIJ printers are currently unsuitable for printing the milligram dosages, typically required for warfarin therapy. As such, this study aimed to modify a commercial TIJ printing system to formulate personalised warfarin ODFs containing therapeutic dosages. A TIJ printer was modified successfully with the printer functionality intact; the substrate (paper) rolling mechanism of the printer was replaced by printing onto a stationary stage. Free film substrates were composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (20%w/w) and glycerol (3%w/w). The resulting ODFs were characterised for morphology, disintegration, solid-state properties and drug content. Printed film stability was assessed at 40 °C/75% relative humidity for 30 days. Therapeutic warfarin doses (1.25 and 2.5 mg) were successfully printed onto the film substrates. Excellent linearity was observed between the theoretical and measured dose by changing the warfarin feed concentration (R2 = 0.9999) and length of the print objective, i.e. the Y-value, (R2 = 0.9998). Rapid disintegration of the ODFs was achieved. As such, this study successfully formulated personalised warfarin ODFs using a modified TIJ printer, widening the range of applications for TIJ printing to formulate narrow therapeutic index drugs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2018. Vol. 117, p. 80-87
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Other Health Sciences
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Health Science
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URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67510DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.002ISI: 000430368800011PubMedID: 29414676Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85042016848OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-67510DiVA, id: diva2:1180126
Note

Validerad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-03-02 (svasva)

Available from: 2018-02-05 Created: 2018-02-05 Last updated: 2018-06-11Bibliographically approved

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Vuddanda, Parameswara RaoVelaga, Sitaram

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