A number of papers have provided insight in frequencies of violence related trauma, especially skull trauma, in northern European skeletal assemblages dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Although the cases are often well described, they lack further discussion about the consequences of skull trauma for the injured individual and the implications for the surrounding society, especially considering severe skull trauma leading to traumatic brain injuries (TBI). In this paper we address questions of trauma and care for one individual associated with the Swedish-Norwegian Battle Axe Culture who suffered from two severe ante-mortem skull traumas probably leading to brain injuries. These questions are addressed using the web-based application and analytic tool Index of care. We found that daily care, both short term with basic needs like nutrition and grooming, and long term with cognitive impairments, was available in the Neolithic society. Considering the frequent number of ante-mortem skull trauma in Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletal assemblages TBI was probably a common phenomenon. We argue that the care provided was a necessity for survival and maintenance of a socially sustainable society.