In the present work, graphene oxide is used as template to produce CuO nanosheets, which solves aggregation and dispersion problems of CuO nanosheets resulting in improved lubricating performance. SEM and AFM studies show that CuO nanosheets are present in fusiform flake shape with a thickness, width and length of around 13, 400 and 1000 nm, respectively. CuO nanosheets were added to the carbon fibers reinforced Polytetrafluoroethylene (CF/PTFE) to study their lubricating performance. It is interesting, from fractured surfaces of composites, to find that CuO nanosheets enhance the interface properties between carbon fibers and PTFE. The wear resistance property of CF/PTFE is remarkably improved after filling CuO nanosheets. For example, the wear rate is reduced by 51% after filling 1.5 wt % CuO nanosheets. The wear resistance improvement effect of CuO nanosheets is much better than that of commercial CuO nanogranules and CuO nanorods. Worn surfaces and counter-surfaces studying indicates that CuO nanosheets can not only prevent the rubbed-off of PTFE or the detachment of CF, but also improve the properties of transfer films, which greatly reduce the adhesive wear and abrasive wear.