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Measurement and conceptual modelling of retention of metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) in soils of three grass swales
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7445-0870
StormTac corporation, Stockholm, Sweden.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4732-7348
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9938-8217
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2019 (English)In: Journal of Hydrology, ISSN 0022-1694, E-ISSN 1879-2707, Vol. 574, p. 1053-1061Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Grass swales are important elements of the urban green infrastructure that convey and attenuate urban runoff and improve its quality mostly through stormwater infiltration into, and retention of conveyed pollutants by, swale soils. The retention of metals by grass swales was addressed in this study investigating the enrichment of swale soils by three common traffic-related metals: Cu, Pb and Zn. Three swales of various characteristics (L1, L2, L3) were selected for study and their soils were sampled by coring the top 30 cm and dividing the cores into 5 cm thick layers. Cumulative metal burdens were compared to those modelled by the proprietary StormTac Web model, which estimates annual loads of specific constituents for the given land uses and stormwater treatment. The comparisons of measured (MBm) and simulated (MBs) metal burdens retained by swales showed that the measured values exceed the simulated ones, as described by average ratios MBs/MBm = 0.64, 0.50 and 0.59, for swales L1, L2 and L3, respectively. The measured burdens were calculated after subtracting the native soil metal concentrations, assumed equal to those found in the deepest sampled layer, 25–30 cm below the surface. The results suggest the feasibility of assessing performance of grass swales by modelling metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) retention by swales, however for older facilities considered for rehabilitation, the simulated results should be supplemented by soil chemistry sampling.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019. Vol. 574, p. 1053-1061
Keywords [en]
grass swale, heavy metals, roadside soils, planning–level modelling, metal transport
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73936DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.002ISI: 000476962800083Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85066065396OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-73936DiVA, id: diva2:1315723
Note

Validerad;2019;Nivå 2;2019-06-11 (oliekm)

Available from: 2019-05-14 Created: 2019-05-14 Last updated: 2023-10-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Trace metals in swale soils and sediments from gully pots and stormwater management ponds
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Trace metals in swale soils and sediments from gully pots and stormwater management ponds
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Spårmetaller ackumulerade i dagvattenanläggningar: svackdiken, rännstensbrunnar och dagvattendammar
Abstract [en]

Three commonly used drainage system components, with considerably different characteristics and roles in stormwater management, were studied and reported on in this thesis: (i) grass swales, (ii) gully pots (GPs), and (iii) stormwater management ponds. With time, solids and associated pollutants accumulate in these components, and regular maintenance is needed to ensure that their design functions, including protection of the environment, are sustained.

Trace metals and their concentrations, loads and speciation were investigated within and among the individual types of components. The study program started with a critical review of processes enhancing the quality of stormwater passing over grass filter strips and through swales, and continued with field research of swale soils, and sediments from GPs and ponds.

The swales studied in the thesis served for stormwater drainage and storage of snow cleared from adjacent trafficked areas during winter months. Results suggest that both stormwater runoff and snow stored in the swale were transport vectors of metals originating from traffic. Other sources of metals were native soils and traction material used in winter road maintenance.

Moreover, the speciation results showed that across components, Zn and Pb were the metals with the highest share in the most mobile fraction, followed by Cu, while Ba, Cr,V, Co, and Ni were found in a higher share in the less mobile fractions.

GP and pond sediments showed similar organic matter content, whereas swales soils showed relatively low organic content, further decreasing with the soil depth. Results suggested that higher organic matter content corresponded to higher concentrations of certain metals in the case of ponds and, to some extent, swales. In the case of GPs, a positive relationship between metals and the proportion of fine particles was detected.

The highest concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in sediments from ponds and reached 319 and 1380 mg/kg DW, respectively. The highest concentration of Pb (188mg/kg DW) was observed in swale, operating for 57 years located next to a road with the traffic intensity of 11,650 v/day.

The large variation in the accumulated dry mass of solids in GPs (2-91 kg) questions the current practice of emptying all GPs at the same regular intervals. Moreover, of the 26 GP samples, Swedish thresholds for soils with the sensitive (S) land use were exceeded for Cu in five samples and Zn in six samples. Of 32 pond samples, the S threshold was exceeded for Cu in nine samples and Zn in 12 samples; of these, three and eight of the pond samples also exceeded the less sensitive (LS) threshold. Of 96 swale samples, 25 samples exceeded the S threshold for Pb, with one sample also exceeding the LS threshold.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2023
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-101706 (URN)978-91-8048-412-1 (ISBN)978-91-8048-413-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-14, E632, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-10-18 Created: 2023-10-18 Last updated: 2024-03-25Bibliographically approved

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Gavric, SnezanaÖsterlund, HeleneMarsalek, JiriViklander, Maria

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