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Dry sliding wear of nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steels: Effect of oxidation-dominated wear
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9960-9067
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1162-4671
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9100-7982
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1454-1118
2020 (English)In: Wear, ISSN 0043-1648, E-ISSN 1873-2577, Vol. 454-455, article id 203317Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The microstructure has a profound impact on sliding wear behaviour. This paper aims to understand the effect of carbide-free bainitic microstructure on oxidation-dominated wear in a self-mated dry sliding contact and compare the results with quenched and tempered martensitic microstructure. The results show improved wear resistance of the carbide-free bainitic steel austempered at low temperature. Hence, the retained austenite content of the carbide free bainitic microstructure is not the only indicator of excellent wear resistance. Compared to tempered martensitic microstructure, the carbide-free bainite offers a higher resistance against the formation of brittle white etching layer during the sliding wear. In summary, the formation of a thin and mechanically stable compositional mixed layer on top of the surface together with a hard underlying substrate are the main reasons behind the improved wear performance of carbide-free bainitic steel austempered at low temperature.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020. Vol. 454-455, article id 203317
Keywords [en]
Wear, White etching layer, carbide-free bainite, Nanostructured, Retained austenite, Oxidation
National Category
Tribology (Interacting Surfaces including Friction, Lubrication and Wear) Other Materials Engineering
Research subject
Machine Elements; Engineering Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-78941DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2020.203317ISI: 000540943900019Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85085337415OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-78941DiVA, id: diva2:1431158
Note

Validerad;2020;Nivå 2;2020-06-09 (alebob)

Available from: 2020-05-19 Created: 2020-05-19 Last updated: 2022-11-02Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. On the role of microstructure in wear of nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steels
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the role of microstructure in wear of nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steels
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The significance of steel production for the development of sustainable society and economy is immense. Today’s fast growing global economy poses an increasing demand for improving the properties of steel. The development of nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steel with an excellent combination of strength and toughness is an attempt to satisfy this global demand. During austempering, the precipitation of cementite can be suppressed by addition of approximately 1.5 wt% silicon and a duplex microstructure comprising of extremely fine aggregates of retained austenite and bainitic ferrite can be obtained. Owing to their excellent mechanical properties, these novel steels exhibit considerable potential to replace quenched and tempered bearing steel or pearlitic rail steel. In these applications, wear play a crucial role in determining the performance of the components. However, the majority of studies have been limited to mechanical properties of these steels but not much attention has been paid to their tribological behaviour. Notably, the role of retained austenite and bainitic ferrite on wear performance has not yet fully understood. Furthermore, machining process is an inevitable step in the manufacturing of metal products. During the machining, contact temperature can rise to several hundred degrees. However, high temperature tribological behaviour of these steels in conjunction with coated cutting tool has not yet been addressed. Therefore, the aim of the present research work is to gain a deeper understanding of the correlation between microstructure and tribological performance of carbide-free bainitic steels in various conditions.To achieve this aim, tribological behaviour of nanostructured carbide-free bainitic steels has been investigated under dry rolling/sliding, sliding and two-body abrasive wear conditions. A number of steel grades were austempered under a wide range of temperatures and durations to obtain different carbide-free bainitic microstructures. The results have been compared with that of quenched and tempered bearing steel. Moreover, high temperature tribological behaviour of carbide-free bainitic and 316L stainless steels during interaction with TiAlN PVD coating has also been studied under dry reciprocating sliding condition.The results show that a relatively higher retained austenite content and its stability enhance wear resistance under rolling/sliding condition. Moreover, wear performance of carbide-free bainitic steel has been found to be superior to that of the quenched and tempered bearing steel. However, under sliding condition, the effect of retained austenite on wear heavily depends on sliding speed. At low sliding speed and under adhesive-dominated wear condition, higher retained austenite content results in improved wear performance due to the higher work hardenability. In contrast, at high sliding speed where oxidative wear is dominant, a microstructure with the lowest content of retained austenite exhibits the highest wear resistance. The higher amount of bainitic ferrite provides a hard underlying substrate for a thin and mechanically stable compositional mixed layer and thereby enhances the wear resistance. The formation and microcracking of a brittle white etching layer of quenched and tempered steel is responsible for its inferior wear resistance. Under two-body abrasive wear conditions, higher retained austenite content leads to improved wear resistance. A microstructure providing an optimum combination of hardness and toughness shows the best abrasive wear resistance. During reciprocating sliding, the tribological response of carbide-free bainitic steel is altered with increasing temperature. Higher temperature results in severe material transfer from carbide-free bainitic steel to TiAlN coated cemented carbide. Furthermore, at elevatedtemperature, a porous oxide layer grows on the transferred materials and reduce friction coefficient.In summary, there is no simple and general relationship between microstructure and wear resistance. Depending upon the dominant wear mechanisms and operating conditions, retained austenite and bainitic ferrite affect the wear behaviour in radically different manners.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2020
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
Tribology, Wear, Microstructure, Carbide-free bainite, Nanostructured, Retained austenite, Steel, High temperature
National Category
Materials Engineering Mechanical Engineering Tribology (Interacting Surfaces including Friction, Lubrication and Wear)
Research subject
Machine Elements
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79092 (URN)978-91-7790-613-1 (ISBN)978-91-7790-614-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-10-06, E632, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-06-01 Created: 2020-05-30 Last updated: 2023-10-24Bibliographically approved

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Moghaddam, Pouria ValizadehHardell, JensVuorinen, EsaPrakash, Braham

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