Cenozoic adakitic rocks of the northern part of the Central Iran Structural Zone (CISZ) are among the notable geological features of the terrains in northeast Iran, so a comprehensive comparison of several of these adakitic sequences is presented. This lithogeochemical analysis is constrained to examining adakitic magmatism of the three magmatic belts within the CISZ, which from southeast to northeast and from oldest to youngest are as follows: (a) south of Shahrood‐Damghan, (b) north‐northwest of Sabzevar‐Neyshabour, and (c) south of Qouchan and west of Esfarayen. Radiogenic isotope analysis using Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd methods show that the adakitic rocks associated with Qouchan‐Esfarayen magmatism have 0.512581 to 0.51288 initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and 0.703903 to 0.705627 initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, with εNd −0.86 to 4.98. Adakitic rocks in south to southeast Shahrood have 0.512775 to 0.512893 initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and 0.703746 to 0.705314 initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁸Sr, with εNd 3.69 to 6.0, and adakites emplaced into the Sabzevar ophiolite have 0.512846 to 0.512911 initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and 0.70379 to 0.705019 initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr contents with εNd of 5.26 to 6.54. Isotopic initial ratios of Nd and Sr support an origin involving partial melting of the subducting oceanic lithosphere of the northern branch of Neo‐Tethys and the associated suprasubduction mantle wedge in producing these adakitic rocks.