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Induced currents due to 3D ground conductivity play a major role in the interpretation of geomagnetic variations
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Geosciences and Environmental Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5600-5375
2020 (English)In: Annales Geophysicae, ISSN 0992-7689, E-ISSN 1432-0576, Vol. 38, no 5, p. 983-998Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are directly described by ground electric fields, but estimating them is time-consuming and requires knowledge of the ionospheric currents and the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the electrical conductivity of the Earth. The time derivative of the horizontal component of the ground magnetic field (dH∕dt) is closely related to the electric field via Faraday's law and provides a convenient proxy for the GIC risk. However, forecasting dH∕dt still remains a challenge. We use 25 years of 10 s data from the northern European International Monitor for Auroral Geomagnetic Effects (IMAGE) magnetometer network to show that part of this problem stems from the fact that, instead of the primary ionospheric currents, the measured dH∕dt is dominated by the signature from the secondary induced telluric currents at nearly all IMAGE stations. The largest effects due to telluric currents occur at coastal sites close to high-conducting ocean water and close to near-surface conductivity anomalies. The secondary magnetic field contribution to the total field is a few tens of percent, in accordance with earlier studies. Our results have been derived using IMAGE data and are thus only valid for the stations involved. However, it is likely that the main principle also applies to other areas. Consequently, it is recommended that the field separation into internal (telluric) and external (ionospheric and magnetospheric) parts is performed whenever feasible (i.e., a dense observation network is available).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Copernicus Publications , 2020. Vol. 38, no 5, p. 983-998
National Category
Geophysics
Research subject
Exploration Geophysics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81090DOI: 10.5194/angeo-38-983-2020ISI: 000572004200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85092774306OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-81090DiVA, id: diva2:1474980
Note

Validerad;2020;Nivå 2;2020-10-12 (alebob)

Available from: 2020-10-12 Created: 2020-10-12 Last updated: 2021-12-13Bibliographically approved

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