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D flip-flop based TRNG with zero hardware cost for IoT security applications
Nanoscale Devices, VLSI Circuit & System Design Lab, Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, M.P. 453552, India.
Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, J&K 181221, India.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6055-3198
Integrated System Laboratory, CSIR-CEERI, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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2021 (English)In: Microelectronics and reliability, ISSN 0026-2714, E-ISSN 1872-941X, Vol. 120, article id 114098Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

System-on-chips (SoCs) for the Internet of things (IoT) applications require hardware-based integrated random number generators for the secure transmission of information. However, they have limited hardware and power budget, which limits the use of on-chip dedicated True Random Number Generator (TRNG). In this work, a symmetric D flip-flop with integrated TRNG is proposed. The proposed architecture is implemented using a standard 40 nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulation results show that it offers good randomness with low energy-per-bit. In addition, the circuit has passed all the tests of NIST without any post-processing. When compared with the conventional D flip-flop, it has almost negligible area overhead that is only 0.14%. An FPGA implementation is also presented as a proof of concept that confirms the simulation results. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key expansion algorithm is also implemented to demonstrate the dual usage of the proposed D flip-flop.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021. Vol. 120, article id 114098
Keywords [en]
True random number generator, Flip-flop, Lightweight, IoT, Security
National Category
Embedded Systems
Research subject
Cyber-Physical Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83704DOI: 10.1016/j.microrel.2021.114098ISI: 000663147500006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85103670752OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-83704DiVA, id: diva2:1544608
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-04-15 (alebob);

Finansiär: UGC, Government of India (3548/NET-DEC. 2015)

Available from: 2021-04-15 Created: 2021-04-15 Last updated: 2021-07-09Bibliographically approved

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Chouhan, Shailesh Singh

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