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Performance Evaluation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 OLI Data for Land Cover/Use Classification Using a Comparison between Machine Learning Algorithms
Department of Natural Resources Engineering and Environment, Azad Hamedan University, Hamedan 65181-15743, Iran.
Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
Department of GIS/RS, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran.
Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran; Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran.
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2021 (English)In: Remote Sensing, E-ISSN 2072-4292, Vol. 13, no 7, article id 1349Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

With the development of remote sensing algorithms and increased access to satellite data, generating up-to-date, accurate land use/land cover (LULC) maps has become increasingly feasible for evaluating and managing changes in land cover as created by changes to ecosystem and land use. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Minimum Distance (MD), and Mahalanobis (MH) algorithms and compare them in order to generate a LULC map using data from Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 satellites. Further, we also investigate the effect of a penalty parameter on SVM results. Our study uses different kernel functions and hidden layers for SVM and ANN algorithms, respectively. We generated the training and validation datasets from Google Earth images and GPS data prior to pre-processing satellite data. In the next phase, we classified the images using training data and algorithms. Ultimately, to evaluate outcomes, we used the validation data to generate a confusion matrix of the classified images. Our results showed that with optimal tuning parameters, the SVM classifier yielded the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 94%, performing better for both satellite data compared to other methods. In addition, for our scenes, Sentinel 2 date was slightly more accurate compared to Landsat 8. The parametric algorithms MD and MLC provided the lowest accuracy of 80.85% and 74.68% for the data from Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8. In contrast, our evaluation using the SVM tuning parameters showed that the linear kernel with the penalty parameter 150 for Sentinel 2 and the penalty parameter 200 for Landsat 8 yielded the highest accuracies. Further, ANN classification showed that increasing the hidden layers drastically reduces classification accuracy for both datasets, reducing zero for three hidden layers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 13, no 7, article id 1349
Keywords [en]
land cover, machine learning, remote sensing, satellite imagery, classification accuracy, Saqqez
National Category
Earth Observation
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83979DOI: 10.3390/rs13071349ISI: 000638797000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85104016012OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-83979DiVA, id: diva2:1548670
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-05-03 (alebob);

Finansiär: University of Kurdistan, Iran (GRC98-04469-1)

Available from: 2021-05-03 Created: 2021-05-03 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved

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Al-Ansari, Nadhir

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