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Optimization of axial water injection to mitigate the Rotating Vortex Rope in a Francis turbine
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Fluid and Experimental Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7599-0895
2021 (English)In: Renewable energy, ISSN 0960-1481, E-ISSN 1879-0682, Vol. 175, p. 214-231Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Rotating Vortex Rope (RVR) resulting from flow instabilities inside draft tube affects the hydraulic turbine's efficiency and wear. Among the passive and active RVR mitigation methods, the water injection method has been widely investigated lately. The present research focuses on the dynamics of RVR mitigation using the water injection method and the optimization of exergy loss during the water injection. The numerical simulations are performed using a reduced turbine geometry consisting of one stay vane, two guide vanes, one runner passage by applying periodic boundary conditions at side boundaries, and a complete draft tube. The pressure fluctuations, velocity field, and the RVR structure are well captured using the Shear Stress Transport - Scale Adaptive Simulation (SST-SAS) turbulence model. The results of the local swirl number during the load variation show that the onset of flow instabilities and RVR formation are created due to a decrease of the axial momentum below the runner cone. The required axial momentum flux of water injection is calculated for a stable swirl number and the local minimum ratio of dimensionless loss to the pressure recovery factor. The numerical results show that the rotating and plunging components of the pressure fluctuations inside the draft tube reduce during the water injection. The pressure recovery of the draft tube improves. The dynamics of RVR mitigation are visualized using λ2 criterion and the spectrogram of pressure probes on the draft tube wall. An optimum water flow rate and jet velocity for a fixed axial momentum are proposed. The results show that a water jet with a large radius and low velocity is more effective to mitigate the RVR and minimizing the draft tube losses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2021. Vol. 175, p. 214-231
Keywords [en]
Hydraulic turbine, Rotating vortex rope, Water injection, Flow instability
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Fluid Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84311DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.05.038ISI: 000658709200003Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85105868329OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-84311DiVA, id: diva2:1554830
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-05-17 (beamah)

Available from: 2021-05-17 Created: 2021-05-17 Last updated: 2024-08-15Bibliographically approved

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Cervantes, Michel

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