Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Data Integration Models for Heterogeneous Industrial Systems: A Conceptual Analysis
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4684-4682
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4031-2872
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5408-0008
2021 (English)In: 2021 26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA ), IEEE, 2021, p. 1-8Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In the industrial automation domain, data integration between heterogeneous systems and architectures is a challenge. Companies and factories are impatient with the selection of technical solutions that are beneficial to local requirements, therefore facing problems of data integration and incompatibility between other systems. There is a need to bridge heterogeneous industrial systems to provide data integration. This article aims to provide guidelines to industrial managers and solution designers to achieve data integration between heterogeneous industrial systems according to their requirements. For this purpose, we have explored the implementation of two data integration models that can be selected based on the state and needs of industrial systems. The first data integration model is based on event-driven architecture (EDA), where Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is deployed as an event broker. The second model is based on the Arrowhead Framework, which is designed by using service-oriented architecture (SOA) principles, where EventHandler provides SOA-based event-driven communication. We conceptually compare and analyze them based on selected criteria essential in an industrial environment. The qualitative analysis of these models is based on proof-of-concept implementations made available for our evaluation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE, 2021. p. 1-8
Keywords [en]
service-oriented architecture, Arrowhead Framework, data integration
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Cyber-Physical Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86579DOI: 10.1109/ETFA45728.2021.9613592ISI: 000766992600193Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85122945712OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-86579DiVA, id: diva2:1584634
Conference
26th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2021), Västerås, Sweden, September 7-10, 2021
Note

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-1-7281-2989-1, 978-1-7281-2990-7

Available from: 2021-08-12 Created: 2021-08-12 Last updated: 2023-12-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Industrial IoT, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Digital Twins
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Industrial IoT, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Digital Twins
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Industrial digitalization (Industry 4.0) is the digital transformation of industries in a connected environment of people, processes, services, systems, data, and industrial assets to realize smart industry and ecosystem of industrial innovation and collaboration. Three promising aspects of Industry 4.0 are Industrial IoT (IIoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and Digital Twin (DT).There are challenges with these aspects. First, there are many generic IIoT stan-dards & frameworks that are alone insufficient in various industrial use-cases. Therefore, engineers must use many standards guidelines to design IIoT architectures from case to case. Second, systems deployed in industries based on different standards and tech-nologies that cannot inter-work with other systems, hence operating in isolation, so that gathering data for analysis, reporting, and decision-making is challenging. Third, in an Industrial-CPS (ICPS) environment, most of the embedded systems are resource con-straint battery-driven devices that are facing challenges such as a short life span due to high energy consumption, lower availability of the services, and low-security capabilities.The scope of this thesis is to research industrial digitalization on the above-mentioned aspects and challenges. First, we study general IIoT standards & frameworks and use them to synthesize a high-level IIoT architecture. As a use-case for verification and validation of the architecture, we specifically study the mining industry, since it is chal-lenging in terms of geographical distribution, infrastructural limitations in communi-cation, data management across different silos, storage, and exchange of information. Second, we study the ad hoc implementation of common models for integrating data between different isolated industrial systems. Most often companies build their ad hoc data integration models based on two architectural designs of Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). We conceptually compare and analyze the implementation of both models based on selected criteria essential in an industrial environment with the aim to provide guidelines to achieve data integration between het-erogeneous industrial systems according to their requirements. Third, we define critical properties for ICPS services and we define a digital twin as a proxy (DTaaP) architecture that can meet these properties.The contribution of this thesis includes the proposal of the high-level IIoT architecture suitable for the mining industry use-case, the conceptual analysis of the data integration models, and the concept of DTaaP for ICPS. DTaaP is a four-layer architectural model that provides valuable properties such as energy efficiency, high availability & state per-sistence, remote & contention control, and security. We present a generic proof of concept DTaaP implementation by using open source technologies.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå University of Technology, 2021
Series
Licentiate thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1757
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Cyber-Physical Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87730 (URN)978-91-7790-971-2 (ISBN)978-91-7790-972-9 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-12-14, A1545, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2021-11-03 Created: 2021-11-02 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved
2. Virtualizing Operational Technology by Distributed Digital Twins
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Virtualizing Operational Technology by Distributed Digital Twins
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Industrial digitalization, stemming from the convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), is a transformative force in modern industries. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) empower industries with enhanced production processes, data-driven insights, and advanced automation. Accompanying these trends, digital twins bridge the gap between the physical and digital realms, promising dynamic representations of entities. This convergence holds great promise for fostering efficient and agile industrial ecosystems.

However, amidst the promise, a series of challenges loom large across a multitude of domains. These challenges span a multitude of domains. The convergence of IT and OT engenders a spectrum of complexities, including interoperability issues, data integration dilemmas, and the imperative need to tackle the historical hardware-centricity of industrial systems. This includes enhancing energy efficiency and security in the digital realm and addressing fundamental issues within the fabric of modern industries.

The scope of our research addresses these multifaceted challenges by encompassing three overarching research questions. The first explores the integration of IIoT architectures and data integration models, striving to augment interoperability and data exchange for industries, offering practical benefits. The second delves into the realm of ICPS and industrial automation, investigating how Digital Twins can optimize energy efficiency, security, and service availability. The third widens the horizon by examining the potential of distributed digital twins as proxies to foster composability and adaptability, bridge the physical-virtual gap, and meet the evolving needs of industrial IoT and cyber-physical systems.

Our thesis unfolds with five key contributions, each addressing fundamental challenges in industrial digitalization. First, we present a synthesized IIoT architecture tailored for the mining industry, aligning seamlessly with IoT and Industry 4.0 standards and frameworks. Second, we explore data integration through service-based and event-driven communication models across industries. We provide a qualitative analysis of these models to present guidelines for designing data integration solutions according to needs.

In the third contribution, we focus on digital twins for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) and introduce the concept of a digital twin as proxy. This concept enables the virtualization of tangible devices and assets from the OT domain to the IT domain. This contribution addresses energy efficiency, security, and service availability challenges. Building on this, our fourth contribution implements and integrates the concept of the digital twin as a proxy with the Eclipse Arrowhead Framework, extending its applicability to industrial automation and reinforcing our response to the second research question.

Our fifth contribution further envisions the virtualization of the OT within IT. Grounded in service-oriented and microservice architectural principles, we propose the concept of purpose-oriented composable digital twins by utilizing distributed digital twins as proxies. This concept offers a forward-looking solution to address evolving needs. Together with the third and fourth contributions, our work ensures a comprehensive and forward-looking impact on the discourse of industrial digitalization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2023
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
Digital Twin, Industrial Digitalization, OT Virtualization, Microservices
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Cyber-Physical Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-103277 (URN)978-91-8048-454-1 (ISBN)978-91-8048-455-8 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-01-22, A 109, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-12-11 Created: 2023-12-09 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Aziz, AbdullahSchelén, OlovBodin, Ulf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Aziz, AbdullahSchelén, OlovBodin, Ulf
By organisation
Embedded Internet Systems Lab
Computer Sciences

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 588 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf