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A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Digital Services and Systems. Department of Computer Science (DIDA), Blekinge Institute of Technology, 37179 Karlskrona, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4071-4596
Institute of Computer Science, Data Systems Research Group, Tartu University, 51009 Tartu, Estonia.
Cyber and Network Security Department, Community College Qatar, Doha 00974, Qatar.
Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2021 (English)In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 21, no 18, article id 6018Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood’s scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the Pi generated during Karla and Sood’s authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev–Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2021. Vol. 21, no 18, article id 6018
Keywords [en]
blockchain, multi-factor authentication, access control, Internet of Vehicles, cloud-enabled systems
National Category
Information Systems Communication Systems
Research subject
Information systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87014DOI: 10.3390/s21186018ISI: 000701067400001PubMedID: 34577224Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85114330436OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-87014DiVA, id: diva2:1592456
Note

Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-09-09 (beamah);

Forskningsfinansiärer: European Regional Development Funds (MOBTT75); Taif University Researchers Supporting Project (TURSP-2020/126)

Available from: 2021-09-09 Created: 2021-09-09 Last updated: 2022-02-10Bibliographically approved

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Kebande, Victor R.

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