Production Innovations can substantially alter the behavior of the sub-systems of a manufacturing system, for instance: human, technology, information, or management systems. Frequently, such changes occur in combinations of the sub-systems, thus triggering new and improved management strategies, control systems, materials, products, and processes to face emerging internal or external challenges. In this paper, case studies of production innovation from Sweden and around the globe are described, moving towards a conceptual framework for Manufacturing Resilience Engineering. The aim is to identify sets of production innovation factors that contribute to manufacturing resilience and the long-term competitiveness of resilient manufacturing enterprises.