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EmmDocClassifier: Efficient Multimodal Document Image Classifier for Scarce Data
Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
German Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6158-3543
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Embedded Internet Systems Lab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4029-6574
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2022 (English)In: Applied Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 12, no 3, article id 1457Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Document classification is one of the most critical steps in the document analysis pipeline. There are two types of approaches for document classification, known as image-based and multimodal approaches. Image-based document classification approaches are solely based on the inherent visual cues of the document images. In contrast, the multimodal approach co-learns the visual and textual features, and it has proved to be more effective. Nonetheless, these approaches require a huge amount of data. This paper presents a novel approach for document classification that works with a small amount of data and outperforms other approaches. The proposed approach incorporates a hierarchical attention network (HAN) for the textual stream and the EfficientNet-B0 for the image stream. The hierarchical attention network in the textual stream uses dynamic word embedding through fine-tuned BERT. HAN incorporates both the word level and sentence level features. While earlier approaches rely on training on a large corpus (RVL-CDIP), we show that our approach works with a small amount of data (Tobacco-3482). To this end, we trained the neural network at Tobacco-3482 from scratch. Therefore, we outperform the state-of-the-art by obtaining an accuracy of 90.3%. This results in a relative error reduction rate of 7.9%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022. Vol. 12, no 3, article id 1457
Keywords [en]
BERT, document image classification, EfficientNet, fine-tuned BERT, hierarchical attention networks, Multimodal, RVL-CDIP, two-stream, Tobacco-3482
National Category
Computer Sciences
Research subject
Machine Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-89454DOI: 10.3390/app12031457ISI: 000760057200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85123633245OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-89454DiVA, id: diva2:1642613
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-03-07 (johcin)

Available from: 2022-03-07 Created: 2022-03-07 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved

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Mokayed, HamamLiwicki, Marcus

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