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Minimizing the Fluoride Load in Water Using the Electrocoagulation Method: An Experimental Approach
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq.
Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5104-1003
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Mining and Geotechnical Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6790-2653
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2022 (English)In: Environments, E-ISSN 2076-3298, Vol. 9, no 3, article id 38Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The abundant presence of fluoride (F-) in surface water bodies is an environmental concern because of its effects on human health; medical reports confirmed that fluoride intake above 1.5 mg/L leads to many health complications, including but not limited to weak bones and enamel fluorosis. Thus, the World Health Organisation (WHO) defines 1.20 mg/L as the maximum permissible F concentration in drinking water. The electrocoagulation method (EC) is globally practised to remove many pollutants from water due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and ease of use. However, EC has some drawbacks, such as the lack of reactors’ design. In this study, a new EC reactor, which uses four drilled aluminium electrodes and a variant cross-section section container, was designed and used to remove F- from water. The design of the new EC eliminated the need for water mixers. The ability of the new EC unit to remove F- from synthetic water was evaluated at different current densities (CD) (1-3 mA/cm2), electrode distances (ELD) (5-15 mm), pH of the solution (pHoS) (4-10), and initial F- concentrations (IFC) (5-20 mg/L). The outcomes of this study prove that the new reactor could remove as much as 98.3% of 20 mg/l of F- at CD, ELD, pHoS, and IFC of 2 mA/cm2, 5 mm, and 4 and 10 mg/L, respectively.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022. Vol. 9, no 3, article id 38
Keywords [en]
electrocoagulation, fluoride removal, iron electrodes, optimization, RSM
National Category
Geochemistry Environmental Sciences
Research subject
Soil Mechanics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-90245DOI: 10.3390/environments9030038ISI: 000775443400001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85127596559OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-90245DiVA, id: diva2:1652908
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-04-20 (hanlid)

Available from: 2022-04-20 Created: 2022-04-20 Last updated: 2023-09-05Bibliographically approved

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Al-Ansari, Nadhir

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