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Occurrence, concentration, and distribution of 38 organic micropollutants in the filter material of 12 stormwater bioretention facilities
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water. NCC Sverige AB, Department of Research & Innovation, 170 80 Solna, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9948-3513
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Architecture and Water.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4327-5613
Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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2022 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 846, article id 157372Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The increased use of bioretention facilities as a low impact development measure for treating stormwater runoff underscores the need to further understand their long-term function. Eventually, bioretention filter media must be (partly) replaced and disposed of at the end of its functional lifespan. While there are several studies of metal accumulation and distributions in bioretention media, less is known about organic pollutant pathways and accumulation in these filters. The present study considers the occurrence and accumulation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 polychlorinated biphenyls, 13 phthalates, and two alkylphenols throughout 12 older bioretention facilities (7–13 years old) used for stormwater treatment in Michigan and Ohio, USA. These pollutant groups appear to behave similarly, with greater instances of detection and higher concentrations in the upper media layers which decrease with increased depth from the surface. The patterns of detection and concentration in the filter material may be explained by characteristics of the pollutants, such as molecular structures and solubility that affect the removal of the organic pollutants by the filter material. There is also a large variation in concentration magnitudes between the bioretention sites, most likely due to differences in pollutant sources, contributing catchment size and/or land uses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2022. Vol. 846, article id 157372
Keywords [en]
Stormwater biofilter, Micropollutants, Biofiltrations, Low impact development, Road runoff, Filter media
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-92185DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157372ISI: 000831579800008PubMedID: 35850337Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85134841484OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-92185DiVA, id: diva2:1683745
Funder
Vinnova, 2016-05176Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 13623
Note

Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-08-02 (hanlid)

Available from: 2022-07-18 Created: 2022-07-18 Last updated: 2024-12-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Stormwater bioretention: Pollutant occurrence and accumulation in filter materials and forebays
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stormwater bioretention: Pollutant occurrence and accumulation in filter materials and forebays
2022 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Urban areas are affected by anthropogenic activities and produce pollutants that are transported to recipients and receiving waters during precipitation. Untreated stormwater runoff is a main driver of environmental degradation, and the interest in stormwater quality treatment has increased with the awareness of stormwater pollution. Several pollutants, including metals PAHs, PCBs, phthalates, and phenols, pose a hazard to aquatic life and are listed among the 45 priority substances in The European Water Framework Directive list (Directive 2013/39/EU).

Stormwater bioretention technology is employed to efficiently remove pollutants during stormwater treatment in urban areas. However, the resulting accumulation of pollutants in bioretention facilities could ultimately create a pollutant depot. Hence, it is important to understand the occurrence, availability, and mobility of pollutants in bioretention facilities, as well as the processes that control their accumulation and mobility over time. The aim of the work in this licentiate thesis was to investigate the occurrence, accumulation, distribution, and concentration of organic micropollutants and metals inbioretention facilities after long-term stormwater treatment in urban areas of Ohio, Michigan, and Kentucky in November 2019.

Samples were collected from 29 bioretention facilities, 20 of which were equipped with forebays. A total of 269 samples were analysed for metals commonly found in stormwater (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and a five-step sequential extraction method was used to assess the metal mobility in the filter material. Additionally, 116 samples from 12 sites were analysed for 38 organic micropollutants (OMPs), including 16 PAHs, 7 PCBs, 13 phthalates, and 2 alkylphenols.

All studied metals were found in all samples, except for Cd, which was detected in 245 samples (91%). For the OMPs, 32 of 38 analytes were detected in at least one sample. PAHs and PCBs were the most frequently detected pollutants, and were found in 12 and 10 sites, respectively. The bioretention sites showed large variations in the concentrations of pollutants. The concentration of OMPs was highest in the upper 10 cm of the filter material and decreased with increasing depth, while a similar, but less obvious trend was observed for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. A trend of decreasing concentration with increasing distance from the inlet was observed for OMPs but was less clear for the metals. Thefore bays, which contain sediment but no filter material, had the highest concentrations of OMPs. A strong correlation was observed between the pollutant concentrations and the ratio between the filter area and catchment area in a Principle Component Analysis. The accumulation and pathways of particle-bound OMPs and particle-bound metals showed similarities.

These results will assist with improving the methods used for stormwater management. Importantly, regular replacement of the top filter layer and regular forebay maintenance may prevent pollutant accumulation and clogging, thereby extending the filters’ treatment function.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2022
Series
Licentiate thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1757
Keywords
Bioretention, Biofilter, storwater, quality, treatment, filter material, forebay
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering; Centre - Centre for Stormwater Management (DRIZZLE)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93530 (URN)978-91-8048-180-9 (ISBN)978-91-8048-181-6 (ISBN)
Presentation
2022-11-21, E632, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-10 Created: 2022-10-10 Last updated: 2024-03-22Bibliographically approved
2. Stormwater bioretention systems: Water quality treatment and long-term pollutant accumulation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stormwater bioretention systems: Water quality treatment and long-term pollutant accumulation
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Dagvattenbiofilter: Rening av dagvatten och ackumulering av föroreningar över tid.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2025. p. 120
Series
Doctoral thesis / Luleå University of Technology 1 jan 1997 → …, ISSN 1402-1544
Keywords
Bioretention, Biofilter, storwater, quality, treatment, filter material, forebay, PAH, PCB, Phthalates, Alkylphenols, PFAS, Metals
National Category
Water Engineering
Research subject
Urban Water Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-110964 (URN)978-91-8048-714-6 (ISBN)978-91-8048-715-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-02-28, B192, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Vinnova, 016–05176Svenska Byggbranschens Utvecklingsfond (SBUF), 14197
Available from: 2024-12-05 Created: 2024-12-04 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved

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