Unlimited sources of renewable energy can be only sufficient if connected to efficient energy storage devices. Such devices can be reliable to supply energy even in cloudy day or nighttime. To power most of consumer electronics irrespective of nature's variations, the battery market is blooming. Among electrochemical energy storage appliances, lithium-ion battery (LiB) has been an attractive choice for few decades. Even LiBs associated with higher energy density and good charge-discharge property still suffer with safety and stability issues as well as high cost. So, other battery technologies such as sodium or magnesium-ion battery or air batteries have garnered researchers worldwide. However, the primary and secondary batteries are applied to power various devices. To commercialize the batteries, optimization of battery performance, cost, and mass production plays a crucial role. In this chapter, different types of batteries and their properties will be discussed. The governing parameters for battery performance, its basic configuration, and working principle of energy storage will be specified extensively. Apart from different electrodes and electrolyte materials, this chapter also gives details on the pros and cons of different batteries and strategies for future advance battery system in smart electronics.