Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Klioner, S. A.; Lindegren, L.; Mignard, F.; Hernández, J.; Ramos-Lerate, M.; Bastian, U.; Biermann, M.; Bombrun, A.; De Torres, A.; Gerlach, E.; Geyer, R.; Hilger, T.; Hobbs, D.; Lammers, U. L.; McMillan, P. J.; Steidelmüller, H.; Teyssier, D.; Raiteri, C. M.; Bartolomé, S.; Bernet, M.; Castañeda, J.; Clotet, M.; Davidson, M.; Fabricius, C.; Garralda Torres, N.; González-Vidal, J. J.; Portell, J.; Rowell, N.; Torra, F.; Torra, J.; Brown, A. G.A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; De Bruijne, J. H.J.; Arenou, F.; Babusiaux, C.; Creevey, O. L.; Ducourant, C.; Evans, D. W.; Eyer, L.; Guerra, R.; Hutton, A.; Jordi, C.; Luri, X.; Panem, C.; Pourbaix, D.; Randich, S.; Sartoretti, P.; Soubiran, C.; Tanga, P.; Walton, N. A.; Bailer-Jones, C. A.L.; Drimmel, R.; Jansen, F.; Katz, D.; Lattanzi, M. G.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Bakker, J.; Cacciari, C.; De Angeli, F.; Fouesneau, M.; Frémat, Y.; Galluccio, L.; Guerrier, A.; Heiter, U.; Masana, E.; Messineo, R.; Mowlavi, N.; Nicolas, C.; Nienartowicz, K.; Pailler, F.; Panuzzo, P.; Riclet, F.; Roux, W.; Seabroke, G. M.; Sordo, R.; Thévenin, F.; Gracia-Abril, G.; Altmann, M.; Andrae, R.; Audard, M.; Bellas-Velidis, I.; Benson, K.; Berthier, J.; Blomme, R.; Burgess, P. W.; Busonero, D.; Busso, G.; Cánovas, H.; Carry, B.; Cellino, A.; Cheek, N.; Clementini, G.; Damerdji, Y.; De Teodoro, P.; Nuñez Campos, M.; Delchambre, L.; Dell'Oro, A.; Esquej, P.; Fernández-Hernández, J.; Fraile, E.; Garabato, D.; García-Lario, P.; Gosset, E.; Haigron, R.; Halbwachs, J. L.; Hambly, N. C.; Harrison, D. L.; Hestroffer, D.; Hodgkin, S. T.; Holl, B.; Janben, K.; Jevardat De Fombelle, G.; Jordan, S.; Krone-Martins, A.; Lanzafame, A. C.; Löffler, W.; Marchal, O.; Marrese, P. M.; Moitinho, A.; Muinonen, K.; Osborne, P.; Pancino, E.; Pauwels, T.; Recio-Blanco, A.; Reylé, C.; Riello, M.; Rimoldini, L.; Roegiers, T.; Rybizki, J.; Sarro, L. M.; Siopis, C.; Smith, M.; Sozzetti, A.; Utrilla, E.; Van Leeuwen, M.; Abbas, U.; Ábrahám, P.; Abreu Aramburu, A.; Aerts, C.; Aguado, J. J.; Ajaj, M.; Aldea-Montero, F.; Altavilla, G.; Álvarez, M. A.; Alves, J.; Anderson, R. I.; Anglada Varela, E.; Antoja, T.; Baines, D.; Baker, S. G.; Balaguer-Núñez, L.; Balbinot, E.; Balog, Z.; Barache, C.; Barbato, D.; Barros, M.; Barstow, M. A.; Bassilana, J. L.; Bauchet, N.; Becciani, U.; Bellazzini, M.; Berihuete, A.; Bertone, S.; Bianchi, L.; Binnenfeld, A.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Boch, T.; Bossini, D.; Bouquillon, S.; Bragaglia, A.; Bramante, L.; Breedt, E.; Bressan, A.; Brouillet, N.; Brugaletta, E.; Bucciarelli, B.; Burlacu, A.; Butkevich, A. G.; Buzzi, R.; Caffau, E.; Cancelliere, R.; Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Carballo, R.; Carlucci, T.; Carnerero, M. I.; Carrasco, J. M.; Casamiquela, L.; Castellani, M.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Chaoul, L.; Charlot, P.; Chemin, L.; Chiaramida, V.; Chiavassa, A.; Chornay, N.; Comoretto, G.; Contursi, G.; Cooper, W. J.; Cornez, T.; Cowell, S.; Crifo, F.; Cropper, M.; Crosta, M.; Crowley, C.; Dafonte, C.; Dapergolas, A.; David, P.; De Laverny, P.; De Luise, F.; De March, R.; De Ridder, J.; De Souza, R.; Del Peloso, E. F.; Del Pozo, E.; Delbo, M.; Delgado, A.; Delisle, J. B.; Demouchy, C.; Dharmawardena, T. E.; Diakite, S.; Diener, C.; Distefano, E.; Dolding, C.; Enke, H.; Fabre, C.; Fabrizio, M.; Faigler, S.; Fedorets, G.; Fernique, P.; Fienga, A.; Figueras, F.; Fournier, Y.; Fouron, C.; Fragkoudi, F.; Gai, M.; Garcia-Gutierrez, A.; Garcia-Reinaldos, M.; García-Torres, M.; Garofalo, A.; Gavel, A.; Gavras, P.; Giacobbe, P.; Gilmore, G.; Girona, S.; Giuffrida, G.; Gomel, R.; Gomez, A.; González-Núñez, J.; González-Santamaría, I.; Granvik, Mikael; Guillout, P.; Guiraud, J.; Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.; Guy, L. P.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Hauser, M.; Haywood, M.; Helmer, A.; Helmi, A.; Sarmiento, M. H.; Hidalgo, S. L.; Hładczuk, N.; Holland, G.; Huckle, H. E.; Jardine, K.; Jasniewicz, G.; Jean-Antoine Piccolo, A.; Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.; Juaristi Campillo, J.; Julbe, F.; Karbevska, L.; Kervella, P.; Khanna, S.; Kordopatis, G.; Korn, A. J.; Kóspál, Á.; Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.; Kruszyńska, K.; Kun, M.; Laizeau, P.; Lambert, S.; Lanza, A. F.; Lasne, Y.; Le Campion, J. F.; Lebreton, Y.; Lebzelter, T.; Leccia, S.; Leclerc, N.; Lecoeur-Taibi, I.; Liao, S.; Licata, E. L.; Lindstrøm, H. E.P.; Lister, T. A.; Livanou, E.; Lobel, A.; Lorca, A.; Loup, C.; Madrero Pardo, P.; Magdaleno Romeo, A.; Managau, S.; Mann, R. G.; Manteiga, M.; Marchant, J. M.; Marconi, M.; Marcos, J.; Santos, M. M. S. Marcos; Marín Pina, D.; Marinoni, S.; Marocco, F.; Marshall, D. J.; Polo, L. Martin; Martín-Fleitas, J. M.; Marton, G.; Mary, N.; Masip, A.; Massari, D.; Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.; Mazeh, T.; Messina, S.; Michalik, D.; Millar, N. R.; Mints, A.; Molina, D.; Molinaro, R.; Molnár, L.; Monari, G.; Monguió, M.; Montegriffo, P.; Montero, A.; Mor, R.; Mora, A.; Morbidelli, R.; Morel, T.; Morris, D.; Muraveva, T.; Murphy, C. P.; Musella, I.; Nagy, Z.; Noval, L.; Ocaña, F.; Ogden, A.; Ordenovic, C.; Osinde, J. O.; Pagani, C.; Pagano, I.; Palaversa, L.; Palicio, P. A.; Pallas-Quintela, L.; Panahi, A.; Payne-Wardenaar, S.; Peñalosa Esteller, X.; Penttilä, A.; Pichon, B.; Piersimoni, A. M.; Pineau, F. X.; Plachy, E.; Plum, G.; Poggio, E.; Prša, A.; Pulone, L.; Racero, E.; Ragaini, S.; Rainer, M.; Rambaux, N.; Ramos, P.; Re Fiorentin, P.; Regibo, S.; Richards, P. J.; Diaz, C. Rios; Ripepi, V.; Riva, A.; Rix, H. W.; Rixon, G.; Robichon, N.; Robin, A. C.; Robin, C.; Roelens, M.; Rogues, H. R.O.; Rohrbasser, L.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Royer, F.; Ruz Mieres, D.; Rybicki, K. A.; Sadowski, G.; Sáez Núñez, A.; Sagristà Sellés, A.; Sahlmann, J.; Salguero, E.; Samaras, N.; Sanchez Gimenez, V.; Sanna, N.; Santoveña, R.; Sarasso, M.; Schultheis, M.; Sciacca, E.; Segol, M.; Segovia, J. C.; Ségransan, D.; Semeux, D.; Shahaf, S.; Siddiqui, H. I.; Siebert, A.; Siltala, L.; Silvelo, A.; Slezak, E.; Slezak, I.; Smart, R. L.; Snaith, O. N.; Solano, E.; Solitro, F.; Souami, D.; Souchay, J.; Spagna, A.; Spina, L.; Spoto, F.; Steele, I. A.; Stephenson, C. A.; Süveges, M.; Surdej, J.; Szabados, L.; Szegedi-Elek, E.; Taris, F.; Taylor, M. B.; Teixeira, R.; Tolomei, L.; Tonello, N.; Torralba Elipe, G.; Trabucchi, M.; Tsounis, A. T.; Turon, C.; Ulla, A.; Unger, N.; Vaillant, M. V.; Van Dillen, E.; Van Reeven, W.; Vanel, O.; Vecchiato, A.; Viala, Y.; Vicente, D.; Voutsinas, S.; Weiler, M.; Wevers, T.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Yoldas, A.; Yvard, P.; Zhao, H.; Zorec, J.; Zucker, S.; Zwitter, T.

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Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Klioner, S. A.

Lohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrabe 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4682-7831

Lindegren, L.

Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5443-3026

Mignard, F.

Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France.

Hernández, J.

European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Canada, 28692 Madrid, Spain.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0361-4994

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2022 (English)In: Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, E-ISSN 1432-0746, Vol. 667, article id A148Article in journal (Refereed) Published

Abstract [en]

Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. Aims. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3 and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Methods. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasi-stellar objects (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). Results. Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13-21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 μas yr-1 on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but it exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases. Appendices give further details on the external catalogues used, how to extract information about the Gaia-CRF3 sources, potential (Galactic) confusion sources, and the estimation of the spin and orientation of an astrometric solution.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages

EDP Sciences , 2022. Vol. 667, article id A148

Keywords [en]

Astrometry, Catalogs, Proper motions, Quasars: general, Reference systems

National Category

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Research subject

Onboard Space Systems

Identifiers

URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95286DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243483ISI: 000898642700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85144804266OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-95286DiVA, id: diva2:1728256

Note

Funder: For funding information see Acknowledgements in https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243483

Part of special issue: Gaia Early Data Release 3

Available from: 2023-01-18 Created: 2023-01-18 Last updated: 2023-09-26

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Granvik, Mikael

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