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The solid-body reverberating ultrasound communications channel and its OFDM interference
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems.
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6216-6132
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Signals and Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8647-436X
2022 (English)In: 2022 IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM) / [ed] Igor M. Moraes; Miguel Elias M. Campista; Yacine Ghamri-Doudane; Luís Henrique M. K. Costa; Marcelo G. Rubinstein, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper we present an analytical approach to the solid-state ultrasound communications channel.  Channel reverberations and the long associated channel delay spreads pose the possibility that the channel length exceeds that of the moderate cyclic prefix in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, resulting in intersymbol and intercarrier interference.  We present a channel model based on the propagation material characteristics and evaluate the extent and impact of the intrinsic OFDM interferences. We derive an analytical expression and show with simulations that the intersymbol and intercarrier interference (ISI and ICI) are spectrally concentrated to the lower frequencies of the OFDM multiplex.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022.
Keywords [en]
Inter-symbol interference (ISI), inter-carrier interference (ICI), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Cyclic Prefix (CP), Impulse Response (IR)
National Category
Telecommunications
Research subject
Signal Processing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95395DOI: 10.1109/LATINCOM56090.2022.10000637ISI: 000918010500054Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85146712656OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-95395DiVA, id: diva2:1730823
Conference
14th IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), Rio de Janeiro, November 30 - December 2, 2022
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-05376
Note

ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-1-6654-8225-7

Available from: 2023-01-25 Created: 2023-01-25 Last updated: 2023-09-04Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Ultrasound Communication through Thin Plates: Understanding the Channel
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ultrasound Communication through Thin Plates: Understanding the Channel
2023 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Ultrasound, composed of sound waves with frequencies above the human audible range, has become widely used in various technological fields for digital communications. In the past, acoustic and ultrasonic waves were employed in military and commercial un-derwater wireless communication systems due to their superior performance compared to electromagnetic waves. Ultrasound has also emerged as a viable alternative to radio and wired transmission for data transmission through solid bodies like metal plates and pipe walls. Notably, ultrasound offers high-security features as it is nearly undetectable from outside the room, minimizing the risks of wireless interception and attacks like Bluesniping and jamming.

In any digital communication system, understanding the propagation channel between the transmitter and receiver is crucial. The ultrasound communication channel comprises three main components: transmitting and receiving transducers and the medium through which the sound propagates. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier scheme that divides the available spectrum into multiple non-overlapping subcarriers for digital communication.

In the context of ultrasound communication, the channel consists of two parts: the combined response of the transducers used as the transmitter and receiver, and the im-pulse response of the propagation medium. When dealing with a thin plate with parallel surfaces, this results in a reverberating channel. The reverberating channel comprises a primary pulse along with echo pulses that possess similar shapes but decaying amplitudes. The amplitude decay occurs due to four prominent factors: power losses in the trans-ducers at each side, transmission losses at the boundaries of the plate and transducer, ultrasound pulse attenuation within the plate, and beam spreading as the ultrasound pulse travels over distance. The reverberations elongate the impulse response of the channel, thus require a long cyclic prefix to prevent data symbols to overlap. However, this limitation restricts the achievable bit rate and energy efficiency of the system.

In this thesis, we present a model for the reverberating ultrasound channel suitable for various plate materials. We propose a novel system-level path loss model that accounts for losses at the transducers, transmission losses, material attenuation, and diffraction losses. Based on this model, we calculate a comprehensive link budget that explicitly considers plate thickness. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative analysis to evaluate the impact of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) on the performance of the OFDM system. Through computer simulations, we evaluate the system’s performance and demonstrate that for a metal plate with a thickness of 5 mm, an uncoded data rate of 32 Mbps can be achieved.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Luleå: Luleå University of Technology, 2023
Series
Licentiate thesis / Luleå University of Technology, ISSN 1402-1757
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Research subject
Signal Processing
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-96647 (URN)978-91-8048-315-5 (ISBN)978-91-8048-316-2 (ISBN)
Presentation
2023-06-15, E632, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-04-18 Created: 2023-04-18 Last updated: 2024-01-01Bibliographically approved

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Ashraf, AsraCarlson, Johan E.van de Beek, Jaap

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