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The impact of cross-country skiers' tucking position on ski-camber profile, apparent contact area and load partitioning
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4085-8306
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0414-029X
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0009-0005-4747-5753
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Machine Elements.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9110-2819
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2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, ISSN 1754-3371Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

In cross-country skiing races, the difference between the fastest and the second fastest time can be minuscule. As in all endurance sports, cross-country skiing requires the use of energy to overcome resistive forces, in this case primarily aerodynamic drag and friction between the skis and snow. Even a slight reduction in either of these can determine the outcome of a race. The geometry of the ski exerts a profound influence on the friction between the skis and snow. As a result of the flexible modern cross-country skis, the camber profile and gliding properties to be influenced by the skiers' position. Here, based on the location of the normal force corresponding to the plantar pressure, we characterize the ski camber while performing three variations of the downhill tucking position. We found that when gliding on a classic ski, the risk of contact between the kick wax and snow can be reduced by tucking in a leaning backwards position (i.e. by moving the skier's center of mass backwards). With the tucking position, the percentage of the skier's body weight that is distributed onto the friction interface at the rear of the skis varies between 63.5% in Gear 7 (leaning forward) on a skating ski and 93.0% in Gear 7 (leaning backwards) on a classic ski.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE Publications , 2023.
Keywords [en]
Cross-country skiing, plantar pressure, load conditions, sports equipment, cross-country ski, ski camber, nordic ski, winter sports, winter olympics
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Machine Elements; Physiotherapy; Centre - Swedish Sports Technology and Performance Research Centre (SPORTC)
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-95465DOI: 10.1177/17543371221141748ISI: 000911752300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85145502326OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-95465DiVA, id: diva2:1732794
Funder
Swedish Research Council, 2019-04293
Note

Funder: Swedish Olympic Committee

Available from: 2023-01-31 Created: 2023-01-31 Last updated: 2023-09-11

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Kalliorinne, KalleHindér, GustavSandberg, JoakimLarsson, RolandHolmberg, Hans-ChristerAlmqvist, Andreas

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Kalliorinne, KalleHindér, GustavSandberg, JoakimLarsson, RolandHolmberg, Hans-ChristerAlmqvist, Andreas
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Machine ElementsHealth, Medicine and Rehabilitation
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Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
Sport and Fitness Sciences

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