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Micro- and Nanoscale Surface Analysis of Late Iron Age Glass from Broborg, a Vitrified Swedish Hillfort
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7193-2583
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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2023 (English)In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, ISSN 1431-9276, E-ISSN 1435-8115, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 50-68Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Archaeological glasses with prolonged exposure to biogeochemical processes in the environment can be used to understand glass alteration, which is important for the safe disposal of vitrified nuclear waste. Samples of mafic and felsic glasses with different chemistries, formed from melting amphibolitic and granitoid rocks, were obtained from Broborg, a Swedish Iron Age hillfort. Glasses were excavated from the top of the hillfort wall and from the wall interior. A detailed microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction study of surficial textures and chemistries were conducted on these glasses. Felsic glass chemistry was uniform, with a smooth surface showing limited chemical alteration (<150 nm), irrespective of the position in the wall. Mafic glass was heterogeneous, with pyroxene, spinel, feldspar, and quartz crystals in the glassy matrix. Mafic glass surfaces in contact with topsoil were rougher than those within the wall and had carbon-rich material consistent with microbial colonization. Limited evidence for chemical or physical alteration of mafic glass was found; the thin melt film that coated all exposed surfaces remained intact, despite exposure to hydraulically unsaturated conditions, topsoil, and associated microbiome for over 1,500 years. This supports the assumption that aluminosilicate nuclear waste glasses will have a high chemical durability in near-surface disposal facilities.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press , 2023. Vol. 29, no 1, p. 50-68
Keywords [en]
alteration, late Iron Age glass, low activity radioactive waste glass
National Category
Environmental Sciences Materials Chemistry
Research subject
Waste Science and Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-97068DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozac032ISI: 001033590800005Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85153714012OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-97068DiVA, id: diva2:1756242
Note

Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-05-11 (joosat);

Funder: United States Department of Energy (US DOE)

Available from: 2023-05-11 Created: 2023-05-11 Last updated: 2024-03-07Bibliographically approved

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Sjöblom, Rolf

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