This chapter focuses on the concepts that have driven the development of Artistic Research in the Nordic countries. Acknowledging, like other regional perspectives, that there are many differences between countries and programmes within them, the chapter aims to bring out key issues informing Artistic Research. In particular, it sheds light on the disposition to include the quality of the arts practice as one criterion in research assessment to meet a “dual requirement.” The chapter also reflects on the various relations of artists with the arts and science worlds and with an institutionalized academy. It concludes that the next challenge in the Nordic countries is a consideration of how art, and artistic research outcomes, might have social and political impact.