The aim of this article is to present a survey on Machine Learning approaches for performing water analysis as in general integrating Artificial Intelligence in water analysis has a transformative potential for optimizing and sustaining water resources. Recent trends in water treatment and desalination applications effectively address pollution and scarcity challenges, while by combining AI with technologies like data analytics, water management complexities are simplified, ensuring sustainability and cost-effectiveness through predictive data assessment. This survey presents examples of the ML’s significance in water treatment and in water quality analysis, such as for enhancing accuracy in water quality index (WQI) assessments and examples of exploring and predicting pollutants in water processes, and aiding in the early detection and categorization of contaminants. Furthermore, this survey will reveal the immense potential in leveraging ML algorithms to enhance water analysis accuracy, speed, and efficiency, paving the way for reduced chemical usage and improved understanding of microbiological processes. As it will be presented, ML approaches offer valuable tools across various stages of water analysis, from identifying critical indicators to accurately measuring and predicting water parameters. The survey concludes by emphasizing the potential of AI and particularly ML to revolutionize water resource management, offering precision, efficiency, and foresight in addressing challenges of water scarcity and sustainable resource utilization.