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Nanostructure formation during deposition of TiN/SiNx nanomultilayer films by reactive dual magnetron sputtering
Luleå University of Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Material Science.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2286-5588
Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry (IFM), Linköping University.
Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics and Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry (IFM), Linköping University.
2005 (English)In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 97, no 11, p. 114327-1Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Multilayer thin films consisting of titanium nitride (TiN) and silicon nitride (SiNx) layers with compositional modulation periodicities between 3.7 and 101.7 nm have been grown on silicon wafers using reactive magnetron sputtering. The TiN and SiNx layer thicknesses were varied between 2-100 nm and 0.1-2.8 nm, respectively. Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies showed that the layering is flat with distinct interfaces. The deposited TiN layers were crystalline and exhibited a preferred 002 orientation for layer thicknesses of 4.5 nm and below. For larger TiN layer thicknesses, a mixed 111/002 preferred orientation was present as the competitive growth favored 111 texture in monolithic TiN films. SiNx layers exhibited an amorphous structure for layer thicknesses ≥0.8 nm; however, cubic crystalline silicon nitride phase was observed for layer thicknesses ≤0.3 nm. The formation of this metastable SiNx phase is explained by epitaxial stabilization to TiN. The microstructure of the multilayers displayed a columnar growth within the TiN layers with intermittent TiN renucleation after each SiNx layer. A nano-brick-wall structure was thus demonstrated over a range of periodicities. As-deposited films exhibited relatively constant residual stress levels of 1.3±0.7 GPa (compressive), independent of the layering. Nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness of the films, and the measurements showed an increase in hardness for the multilayered films compared to those for the monolithic SiNx and TiN films. The hardness results varied between 18 GPa for the monolithic TiN film up to 32 GPa for the hardest multilayer, which corresponds to the presence of cubic SiNx. For larger wavelengths, ≥20 nm, the observed hardness correlated to the layer thickness similar to a Hall-Petch dependence, but with a generalized power of 0.4. Sources of the hardness increase for shorter wavelengths are discussed, e.g., epitaxial stabilization of metastable cubic SiNx, coherency stress, and impeded dislocation activity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2005. Vol. 97, no 11, p. 114327-1
National Category
Other Materials Engineering
Research subject
Engineering Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-3259DOI: 10.1063/1.1935135ISI: 000229804700121Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-20544447475Local ID: 1113f8e0-812b-11db-aabe-000ea68e967bOAI: oai:DiVA.org:ltu-3259DiVA, id: diva2:976115
Note

Validerad; 2005; 20060915 (cira)

Available from: 2016-09-29 Created: 2016-09-29 Last updated: 2018-07-10Bibliographically approved

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Söderberg, HansOdén, Magnus

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