Grinding plays an important role on energy consumption and subsequent separation stage in a mineral processing plant. To maintain higher grinding efficieny, the operating parameters must be continuously monitored and adjusted close to the setup of the optimal operating conditions. It is difficult and expensive to trace the frequent variations of the grinding parameters by traditional methods in commercial scale operation. Since mechanical grinding emits strong vibration signals, it can be picked up commercially available instrument in the form of time-domain waveform. The variations of the vibration signals were governed by the changes of the grinding state. A primary application was studied based on the industrial scale measurements, where the mechanical vibration was picked up by an accelerometer and acoustic pressure changes by a microphone. The digitised time-domain source signals were processed by digital signal processing technique. The variable grinding parameters were the power draw, the feed rate, the pulp density, and the particle sizes of the mill feed and the ground product. By principle component analysis and parameter identification, the variations of the grinding parameters were related to the changes of the source vibration signals. By vibration measurement, a new alternative could be developed for monitoring the operating parameters in grinding.