The focus of this work has been to study how high pressure fibrillation and chemical purification affect the hemp fiber morphology from micro to nanoscale.Microscopy techniques, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction were used to study the structure and properties of the prepared micro and nanofibers. Microscopy studies showed that the use ofd individualization processes lead to unique morphology of interconnected web-like structures of hemp fibers. The nanofibers are bundles of cellulose fibers fibersof widths ranging between 30-100 nm and estimated lengths of several micrometers. The chemical analysis showed that selective chemical treatments increased the alfa-cellulose content of hemp nanofibers from 75 to 94%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed tha the pectins were partially removed during the individualization treatments. X-ray analysis showed that the relative crystallinity of the studied fibers increased after each stage of chemical and mechanical treatments. It was also observed that the hemp nanofibers had an increased crystallinity of 71 from 57% of untreated hemp fibers.