Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nano clay (NC) were selected to determine effects of different fillers on the characterization of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA). Characterizations of the PVA composites obtained were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the lap joint shear strength (LJSS). The morphological studies revealed that some clumpings were observed in SEM pictures for 1%, 2%, and 4% wt loadings for CNFs and NC fillers. Dispersed particle orientation morphology and the wave sheets appear to be uniformly distributed on the surface of the composites. As seen as the effects of fillers on the thermal stability, the results showed that NC has a greater effect than CNFs, depending on the loading rates of fillers. Lap joint shear strength generally increased after adding CNFs and NC to PVA matrix. Thus, it can be said that PVA has higher bonding performance and can be used in applications requiring higher bonding strength.